One-dimensional beam element : Basis for cross-sectional level formulation of flexibility and stiffness; Gauss quadrature numerical integration scheme; Flexibility approach for determining element stiffness; Stiffness approach for determining element stiffness; Special consideration of shear effects in stiffness approach; Consideration of torsional effects for thin-walled member -- incl. torsion bending; Special considerations for finite joints (both rigid and flexible); Consideration of local load (incl. temperature) effects; Formulation of geometric stiffness due to axial force; Linearised buckling analysis.
Simplifications to reduce computational effort in analysis : Sub-structure analysis (static condensation); Symmetry considerations in structures.