List of M.Tech.
Seminar Topics (November 2002)
1) Vinay Savla (02307910) / Supervisor: Prof.
A.N. Chandorkar / Topic: "DSP architectures for system design". Abstract, Report (pdf)
2) Sagar P.M. (02307406) / Supervisor: Prof. V.
Agarwal / Topic: "Embedded operating systems for real-time
applications". Abstract, Report (pdf)
3) Arojit Roychowdhury (02307001) / Supervisor:
Prof. P.C. Pandey / Topic: "FIR filter design techniques". Abstract, Report (pdf).
4) Arup Chakraborty (02307015)/ Supervisor:
Prof. M.C. Chandorkar: "Hardware configurations for DSP-based real time
simulators". Abstract, Report
(pdf).
5) S. Bhaktavatsala (02307407) / Supervisor:
Prof. V.M. Gadre / Topic: "DSP applications in radar". Abstract, Report
(pdf)
6) Kartik Kariya (02307923) / Supervisor: Prof.
V.M. Gadre / Topic: “Evolution of DSPs”. Abstract, Report (pdf)
5&6) S. Bhaktavatsala (02307407) &
Kartik Kariya (02307923) / Supervisor: Prof. V.M. Gadre / Topic: "A survey
of DSP applications". Abstract, Report (pdf)
7) Kotta Manohar (02307428) / Supervisor: Prof.
Preeti Rao / Topic: "Single channel enhancement of noisy speech". Abstract, Report (pdf)
8) Vikash Sethia (02307023) / Supervisor: Prof.
P.C. Pandey / Topic: "Noise cancellation in headphones". Abstract, Report (pdf)
9) Anil Luthra (02307413) / Supervisor: Prof.
P.C. Pandey / Topic: "Impedance glottography". Abstract,
Report (pdf)
10) B. Raja Sekhar (02307046) / Supervisor:
Prof. P.C. Pandey / Topic: "Universal serial bus". Abstract,
Report (pdf)
11) Mohit Kumar (02307026) / Supervisor: Prof.
T.S. Rathore / Topic: "Low voltage current mode analog cells". Abstract, Report (pdf)
12) Dayashankar Dubey (02307402) / Supervisor:
Prof. T. Anjaneyulu / Topic: "Smart sensors". Abstract, Report (pdf)
EE Dept, IIT Bombay
Abstracts of M.Tech. Credit Seminars (November 2002)
1) Vinay Savla (02307910)
/ Supervisor: Prof. A.N. Chandorkar: "DSP architectures for system
design", M Tech. Credit Seminar Report, Electronic Systems Group, EE Dept,
IIT Bombay, November 2002.
Abstract:
In this report we discuss a few issues that are important in a digital signal
processor in section 2. These include issues like bus architectures that are
most optimum for a DSP, parallelism and pipelining, fixed and floating-point
issues, etc. We then see the basic blocks required in any digital signal
processor in section 3. The basic computational blocks include multipliers
& accumulators (MACs), arithmetic & logic unit (ALUs) and shifters.
Other blocks that are required for the proper control of these are program
sequencers, data address generators, IO controllers and most important of all
memory. In section 4 some issues related to power dissipation are included
using an example of FIR filter realization. Report
(pdf)
2) Sagar P.M. (02307406) /
Supervisor: Prof. V. Agarwal: "Embedded operating systems for real-time
applications", M.Tech. Credit Seminar Report, Electronic Systems Group, EE
Dept, IIT Bombay, November 2002.
Abstract:
The advent of microprocessors has opened up several product opportunities that
simply did not exist earlier. These intelligent processors have invaded and
embedded themselves into all fields of our lives be it the kitchen (food
processors, microwave ovens), the living rooms (televisions, airconditioners)
or the work places (fax machines, pagers, laser printer, credit card readers)
etc. As the complexities in the embedded applications increase, use of an
operating system brings in lot of advantages. Most embedded systems also have
real-time requirements demanding the use of Real time Operating Systems (RTOS)
capable of meeting the embedded system requirements. Real-time Operating System
allows real-time applications to be designed and expanded easily. The use of an
RTOS simplifies the design process by splitting the application code into
separate tasks. An RTOS allows one to make better use of the system recourses
by providing with valuable services such as semaphores, mailboxes, queues, time
delays, time outs…etc. This report looks at the basic concepts of embedded
systems, operating systems and specifically at Real Time Operating Systems in
order to identify the features one has to look for in an RTOS before it is used
in a real-time embedded application. Some of the popular RTOS have been
discussed in brief, giving their salient features, which make them suitable for
different applications. Report (pdf)
3) Arojit Roychowdhury
(02307001) / Supervisor: Prof. P.C. Pandey: "FIR filter design
techniques". M.Tech. Credit Seminar Report, Electronic Systems Group, EE
Dept, IIT Bombay, November 2002.
Abstract:
This report deals with some of the Techniques used to design FIR filters. In
the beginning, the windowing method and the frequency sampling methods are
discussed in detail with their merits and demerits. Different optimization
Techniques involved in FIR filter design are also covered, including Rabiner's
method for FIR filter design. These optimization Techniques reduce the error
caused by frequency sampling Technique at the non-sampled frequency points. A
brief discussion of some Techniques used by filter design packages like Matlab
are also included. Report (pdf).
4) Arup Chakraborty (02307015)
/ Supervisor: Prof. M.C. Chandorkar: "Hardware configurations for
DSP-based real time simulators", M.Tech. Credit Seminar Report, Electronic
Systems Group, EE Dept, IIT Bombay, November 2002.
Abstract:
This report discusses the hardware interconnection mechanisms of the multiple
processors used for real time simulations, Hardware-in-Loop simulation for
example. Real-time simulations are required for testing systems under real
working conditions. Hardware-in-Loop simulation is an example of a such a
simulation, in which the input and output behaviour of a process is simulated
in real time and used for testing embedded controllers. Real-time simulations
are computationally intensive and often require multiple DSPs. Traditional
approaches of tightly coupled and loosely coupled multiprocessing systems are
first discussed. Then, a survey of some practical real time multiprocessor
systems is presented. The techniques used by these practical systems to improve
upon both traditional approaches are also discussed. Report (pdf)
5) S. Bhaktavatsala (02307407)
/ Supervisor: Prof. V.M. Gadre: "DSP applications in radar". M.Tech.
Credit Seminar Report, Electronic Systems Group, EE Dept, IIT Bombay, November
2002.
Abstract:
There has been an explosive growth in Digital Signal Processing theory and
applications over the years. This seminar report explores the applications of
digital signal processing in Radar. A survey on applications in Digital Signal
Processing in Radar from a wide variety of areas is carried out. A review is done
on basic approaching models and Techniques of signal processing for different
parameters and extracting information from the received signal. The various
Techniques adopted at different stages of radar to obtain the target's
signature, is also briefed. Report (pdf)
6) Kartik Kariya (02307923) /
Supervisor: Prof. V.M. Gadre: “Evolution of DSPs”. M.Tech. Credit Seminar
Report, Electronic Systems Group, EE Dept, IIT Bombay, November 2002.
Abstract:
DSP algorithms and necessity to do complex computation with strict time and
accuracy constraints pioneered to the development in the architecture of
digital signal processors. Different low and high end DSPs, which satisfies
cost and speed constrains of various applications are available in the market.
This report reviews the available DSP processor architecture and their
features. There is growing need to design customized DSP core, which suits to
particular application. This fact is explained with the case study of DSP
architecture designed for handheld devices such as mobile phones. Report (pdf)
5&6) S. Bhaktavatsala
(02307407) & Kartik Kariya (02307923) / Supervisor: Prof. V.M Gadre:
"A survey of DSP applications". M.Tech. Credit Seminar Report,
Electronic Systems Group, EE Dept, IIT Bombay, November 2002.
Abstract:
There has been an explosive growth in Digital Signal Processing theory and
applications over the years. This seminar report reviews the applications of
digital signal processing in wide areas. Representative coverage of
applications in wide areas of application is presented. Based on the
fundamentals our approach is limited in covering general Techniques. Each of
the chapters in this report provides detailed applications under that topic. A
thorough survey to the possible extent on applications in Digital Signal
Processing from a wide variety of areas is carried out and listed in this
report. Undoubtedly there may be many more applications, which might have not
covered in this report.
7) Kotta Manohar (02307428) /
Supervisor: Prof. Preeti Rao: "Single channel enhancement of noisy
speech". M.Tech. Credit Seminar Report, Electronic Systems Group, EE Dept,
IIT Bombay, November 2002.
Abstract:
The problem of enhancement of speech degraded by additive background noise has
received considerable attention over the past decade. The reasons being, its
wide range of applications and limitations of the available methods. Among the
available single channel enhancement Techniques, the spectral subtraction
Technique has been one of the widely adopted methods for suppressing stationary
additive background noise. The greatest asset of spectral subtraction lies in
its simplicity since all that is required is an estimate of the mean noise
power. The basic idea of spectral subtraction is to obtain an estimate of the
speech spectral level by subtracting the noise estimation from noisy speech.
The spectral subtraction Technique performs well as a pre-processor noise
reduction Technique for digital voice processors. In our work we first discuss
the need for speech enhancement, its applications and the available different
approaches. It is followed by classification of single channel enhancement
Techniques and brief overview of each method is given. The basic spectral
subtraction method and a modified version that minimizes the shortcomings of
the basic method have been discussed in detail. The criteria used for
evaluating the performance of a speech enhancement method have been explained
and conclusions are drawn on the performance of spectral subtraction method.
Finally, the limitations of the present spectral subtraction method have been
identified and suggestions for further improvement of the method have been put
forward. Report (pdf)
8) Vikash Sethia (02307023) /
Supervisor: Prof. P.C. Pandey: "Noise cancellation in headphones".
M.Tech. Credit Seminar Report, Electronic Systems Group, EE Dept, IIT Bombay,
November 2002.
Abstract:
The active noise reducing headphone is probably the most successful application
of active control of sound - the Technology of canceling sound with sound. This
report presents an outlined Technical review of noise cancellation in
headphones. The principles of passive noise attenuation are presented after
which active attenuation is introduced showing how the two complement the
attenuation performance. Both the analog and digital implementations of the
noise cancellation system are described, including a briefing on the possible
combination of both into a single system. Report
(pdf)
9) Anil Luthra (02307413) /
Supervisor: Prof. P.C. Pandey: "Impedance glottography". M.Tech.
Credit Seminar Report, Electronic Systems Group, EE Dept, IIT Bombay, November
2002.
Abstract:
Impedance Glottography is noninvasive measurement of the time variation of the
degree of contact between the vibrating vocal folds during voice production.
The aspect of contact being measured is called the vocal fold contact area
(VFCA). To measure VFCA, the device used is called impedance glottograph. The
device is also called electroglottograph or laryngograph. The principle of
operation of device, the waveform obtained, an algorithm for determination of
pitch period is discussed. EGG waveform for various voice qualities, drawbacks
in EGG and various noises present are described. Concept of multichannel EGG
and applications of electroglottography are discussed. Various commercial
equipment available are compared alongwith the equipment developed by IIT
Bombay. Report (pdf)
10) B. Raja Sekhar (02307046) /
Supervisor: Prof. P.C. Pandey: "Universal serial bus", M.Tech. Credit
Seminar Report, Electronic Systems Group, EE Dept, IIT Bombay, November 2002.
Abstract:
USB is an interface for communicating external peripherals with an external PC.
In this report various interfaces prevalent today and their comparisons with
USB are brought out. Different types of USB controllers along with the chips
available in market is discussed in detail. The USB hardware and software
details along with USB products available in market are presented. The
advantages both from user and developer point of view are included. A brief
discussion on different data transfers supported by USB and how the peripheral
gets enumerated as soon as it is plugged to a port is also included. Report (pdf)
11) Mohit Kumar (02307026) /
Supervisor: Prof. T.S. Rathore: "Low voltage current mode analog
cells". M.Tech. Credit Seminar Report, Electronic Systems Group, EE Dept,
IIT Bombay, November 2002.
Abstract: This seminar report discusses
the low-voltage current-mode analog circuits and their various aspects. The
need of high speed, high performance, low power circuits because of the advent
of the portable electronic and mobile communication systems and difficulties
faced in achieving that in today's scenario are presented. Current mode
circuits are the best suited candidates for the above. Their advantages are
discussed here and a comparison with the conventional voltage mode circuits has
been presented. The principle and the implementation of the most common current
mode circuits i.e. the current conveyors, has been described. The basic device
level techniques also play important role in the design of smarter and
efficient circuits. Some of those techniques have also been discussed here. For
illustration of these techniques, low power V-I converter using current mirrors
and a low-voltage power efficient operational amplifier cell topology is
presented. Report (pdf)
12) Dayashankar Dubey (02307402)
/ Supervisor: Prof. T. Anjaneyulu: "Smart sensors" M.Tech. Credit
Seminar Report, Electronic Systems Group, EE Dept, IIT Bombay, November 2002.
Abstract:
A smart sensor consists of transduction element, signal conditioning electronic
and controller/processor that supports some intelligence in a single package.
This report discusses general architecture of smart sensor and the usefulness
of silicon technology in smart sensor. This report also pays attention to the
importance and adoption of smart sensors. In addition to this an effort is made
to present the design consideration of smart sensor as per the functions
performed. The discussion will conclude with some examples of smart sensor. Report (pdf)