Course Content
Introduction: Evolution of Power Systems and the Present-Day Scenario. Structure of a power system: Bulk Power Grids and Micro-grids. Conventional and Renewable Energy Sources. Distributed Energy Resources. Energy Storage. Review of basic concepts of single-phase and three-phase AC systems. Power System Components and Modeling : Overhead Transmission Lines and Cables: Electrical and Magnetic Fields around conductors, Corona and bundled conductors Parameters of lines and cables. Traveling wave Equations. Lightning and Switching Surges. Surge Arresters. Sinusoidal steady state representation of AC lines: Short, medium and long lines. Surge Impedance Loading, Power Transfer, Voltage profile and reactive power absorption/generation in transmission lines. Series and Shunt Compensation of ac lines. Transformers: Three-phase connections and Phase-shifts. Three-winding transformers, auto-transformers. Tap-Changing in transformers, Instrument transformers. Transformer Parameters. Per-unit system. Synchronous Machines: Review of steady-state performance characteristics. Real and Reactive Power Capability Curves. Voltage and Frequency regulation of a single synchronous generator connected to a load. Synchronous Generation connected to an infinite bus by an AC line. Stability Constraints on power flow in ac interconnections. HVAC versus HVDC transmission systems. AC/DC conversion systems. Line Commutated Converters (LCCs) and their capabilities. HVDC links using LCCs. Voltage Source Converters (VSCs) and their capabilities. HVDC links based on VSCs. Renewable Energy and Storage Systems. Grid Interfacing of these systems. STATCOM. Loads: Modeling Voltage and Frequency Dependence. Modeling of unbalanced systems: Symmetrical Components (positive, negative and zero sequences). Representation of generators, lines and transformers in the sequence domain. Analysis of simple unbalanced situations using symmetrical components. Operation and Control of Integrated Grids Transmission and distribution voltage levels. Meshed and radial systems. Synchronous and Asynchronous Interconnections. Equipment protection schemes: Over-current, directional, distance and differential protection. Primary and Backup protection. Types of Circuit Breakers. Monitoring and Control of Integrated Grids: Frequency, voltage and power flow control. Preventive Control and System Protection Schemes.
Text / References
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