Courses

Introduction to Electrical and Electronics Circuits

Introduction, basic physical laws, circuit elements, KVL, KCL, and a few important circuit theorems, simple circuits, Transients in R-L, R-C, R-L-C, Sinusoidal Steady State, Real/Reactive Power, Three Phase Working Principles of Transformers/AC/DC machines Functional Characteristics of Diode, BJT, OP-AMP Analog circuit Examples: rectifiers, amplifiers, oscillators etc. Digital Circuits: AND/OR gates, Flip Flops, DAC/ADC etc.

Introduction to Electrical Engineering

Introduction to different areas in EE, historical development and important milestones, standardization and recent trends. Laws of electromagnetism, Lumped and distributed parameters. Charge, current, voltage, power and energy. Independent and dependent current and voltage sources. Linear and non-linear lumped elements. Ideal resistors, capacitors and inductors. Ohm Law. Power dissipation. Illustrative examples of real-life elements and their approximate representation.Electrical circuits. Kirchoffs voltage and Current Laws. Resistive circuits. Node and Mesh analysis.Network theorems (Thevenin, Norton, Superposition) and their utility in circuit analysis. Power balance: Tellegen theorem. Maximum Power Theorem.Transient and dc steady state analysis of circuits with capacitors and inductors, specifically R-L, R-C, R-L-C circuits.Response of circuits to sinusoidal excitation. Sinusoidal steady state analysis. Phasors. AC power analysis: Complex power, active and reactive power, power factor. Network Theorems applied to sinusoidal steady state situations. Balanced three-phase systems; Star and Delta Connections.Magnetically coupled circuits self and mutual inductance, dot convention, ideal transformer.Frequency Response of circuits: Resonance, quality factor. Filters Response to non-sinusoidal periodic inputs: Fourier Series, harmonics.Two port networks. Admittance matrix representation. Reciprocity.Examples of real-life circuits in various applications (e.g., filters, amplifiers, ICs, power networks etc.) Examples of circuit analysis software.

Introduction to Electrical Systems

Introduction to Electronics

Introduction to Electrical Engineering Practice

Introduction to the following broad areas in electrical engineering.  Analog Electronics: KCL, KVL fundamentals, network theorems. High level device basics - PN diode, MOSFET, BJTs. Simple amplifier circuits. Opamp high level description. Concept of Large signal & small signal analysis. (Lab component: Simulator introduction)  Digital Electronics: Boolean Algebra, Construction of gates using MOSFETs. Memory circuits. Concept of Integrated Circuits. Counter and Watch-Clock design Lab. 9.  Signals and Systems: Analog Signals vs. Digital signals, Elementary digital signal processing. Frequency response, Bandwidth, Convolution concepts. Lab with ADC converter to sample Microphone signal, process in digital and then use DAC converter to drive speaker.  Energy Systems: Electromagnetics fundamentals, Motors DC/AC, Generator, AC to DC converter & DC to AC converter (Home Inverter example), Solar cells fundamentals. Lab with Solar Energy conversion to Electrical -- Powering up Lamp using Solar cell.  Control Systems: Control systems fundamentals, PID control basics. Feedback and Stability. Lab using Arduino controller to do Robotics project. (Class Robotics competition

Power Engineering - I

      Single phase AC systems: introduction to real/reactive/apparent powers, power factor, introduction to phasors, phasor analysis and phasor diagram Three phase AC systems: analysis of balanced and unbalanced networks Review of magnetic circuits: inductance, mmf, reluctance, mutual inductance Transformers: single phase transformer (equivalent circuit, efficiency, OC/SC tests), auto transformer, three phase connections DC machines: equivalent circuit, separately excited machines Induction machines: rotating magnetic field, equivalent circuit, torque speed characteristics, efficiency, generator/motor action

Electrical Machines and Drives

Magnetic circuits (3): Mmf, reluctance, mutual inductance, inductance, magnetic circuits Transformers (8): Single phase transformer (ideal transformer, dot convention, equivalent circuit, types of losses, regulation, efficiency, OC/SC tests), transfer of impedance, auto transformerDC machines (6): Basic principle, equivalent circuit, separately & shunt excited machines, terminal / output characteristics, applicationsSpeed control of separately excited dc motor (3): torque control loop, speed control loop, field weakeningInduction machines (10): rotating magnetic field, basic construction, equivalent circuit, torque speed characteristics, efficiency, Speed control of induction motor (3): V/F controlIntroduction to synchronous generator (2): Basic working principle of synchronous machineBLDC machine (3): Inversion of field and armature circuits from dc motor, principle of operation, need for hall sensors.

Analog Circuits

Biasing of discrete devices and integrated circuits, Low frequency amplifiers, Feedback amplifiers, Frequency response of amplifiers and high frequency effects, Internal stages of OPAMP Difference amplifier, Intermediate stage amplifier, Level shifter, Output buffer, Linear applications of OPAMP, Non-Linear applications of OPAMPS, Wave generation with OPAMP, Active filters, Oscillators, Regulators, Power amplifiers.

Digital Circuits

Basics of Boolean Algebra and Minimization Techniques. Combinational and sequential circuits. Introduction to finite state machine concept. Bipolar logic families : DTL, TTLs, ECL, I squared L. MOS logic families : NMOS (EE and ED) and CMOS. Basic digital circuits : Shift register and Flip-flops and counters. Semiconductor memories. logic implementation on ROM, PAL, PLA and Gate Array. Wave generation using gates. Timing circuits. Arithmetic systems.

Electronic Devices & Circuits

Modeling devices: Static characteristics of ideal two terminal and three terminal devices; Small signal models of non-linear devices. Introduction to semiconductor equations and carrier statistics: poisson`s and continuity equations, Fermi-Dirac statistics and Boltzmann approximation to the Fermi-Dirac statistics. Semiconductor Diodes: Barrier formation in metal-semiconductor junctions, PN homo- and hetero- junctions; CV characteristics and dopant profiling; IV characteristics; Small signal models of diodes; Some Applications of diodes. Field Effect Devices : JFET/HFET, MIS structures and MOSFET operation; JFET characteristics and small signal models; MOS capacitor CV and concept of accumulation, depletion and inversion; MOSFET characteristics and small signal models. Bipolar transistors : IV characteristics and elers-Moll model; small signal models; Charge storage and transient response. Discrete transistor amplifiers : Common emitter and common source amplifiers; Emitter and source followers.

Electrical/Electronics Lab.

Digital Circuits Lab

(To Supplement EE-206)

Digital Systems

Signal Processing I

Continuous-time and discrete-time signals and systems, and their examples; Linear systems, linear time/shift invariant systems; Impulse response, convolution, and filtering; The Fourier transform; Fourier representations of continuous-time and discrete-time signals; Lowpass, bandpass, and highpass systems; Stability and pole zero properties of linear shift invariant systems; Z- transform and Laplace transform; Sampling and reconstruction of bandlimited signals; Approximate reconstruction methods (zero-order hold); The discrete Fourier transform and the fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm; Implementation of discrete-time systems using FFT; Introduction to contemporary practice and examples.

Analog Lab

Electronic Devices Lab

Power Engineering - II

     Basics of Speed and torque control of induction machines: review of induction machines, scalar control (V/f) Basics of Power Electronics Converters: Converters: basics of dc-dc converters in continuous mode; buck, boost and buck-boost converters, flyback converter, single and three phase voltage source inverters, power electronic converters with ideal switching. Steady-State Analysis of dc-dc converters Synchronous machines: construction and working principles, equivalent circuits, single machine infinite bus connection, power angle curves, reactive power control Power system: structure of power systems, transmission lines (Telegrapher`s equations, steady state performance, SIL, compensation, introduction to cables and underground distribution), speed and voltage control Introduction to DC systems and renewable energy

Power Engineering Lab

Power measurement in balanced 3 phase circuit and power factor improvement  Short circuit and Open circuit test in single phase transformer  Open Circuit Characteristics of a DC generator 9.  Torque-speed characteristics of a separately excided DC motor  Torque-speed characteristics of Three Phase Squirrel Cage Induction Motor  Lectures + Tutorials on the use of FEM in machine design

Power Electronics and Power Systems

Motivation for power electronic converters (2): Applications, linear regulators Diode rectifiers (3): With capacitive and inductive loads, waveforms, harmonic content. Non-isolated dc-dc converters (7): Buck, Boost, Buck-Boost (Principle of operation, continuous conduction mode, waveforms volt-second balance, ripple current and voltage, condition for DCM, output to input voltage relation)Isolated dc-dc converters (4): Need for Isolated Converters. Working principle of Flyback Converter and Forward Converter.Inverters (7): 1-ph and 3-ph VSC topologies, sine-triangle PWM technique, applications of invertersPower generation and grid integration (7): Single synchronous generator connected to a load, Frequency and Voltage control of the Single Generator with Load. Single synchronous machine connected to an infinite bus. Power-angle curves. Reactive power Control. Transmission line characteristics. Star-Delta Transformers. Interconnected grids. Frequency control in interconnected grids.Thyristors and HVDC (6): Thyristor based converters, rectifying and inverting mode of operation, waveforms with different loads. HVDC links: Motivation and topologies: Line commutated (Thyristor) Converter links and Voltage Source Converter based links.Introduction to Solar and Wind Energy Integration into the grid (3)

Electromagnetic Waves

Transmission line equations. Impedance of loaded and unloaded transmission lines. Reflections and VSWR. Smith chart and its use in impedance matching and other transmission line problems.Propagation of electromagnetic waves in different media. Reflection and refraction at different boundaries. Total reflection and polarizing angle. Ground wave and sky wave propagation.Parallel plane and rectangular waveguides. Attenuation in wave guides.Radiation of electromagnetic waves. Dipole and array of dipoles for medium wave and short wave transmission.

Control Systems

Basic concepts of open loop and closed loop control. System modelling, block diagrams, signal flow graphs, transfer function, and state space representation.Concepts of controllability, observability, minimality, stability, and sensitivity.Time domain and frequency domain analysis of control systems.Stability analysis using Routh-Hurwitz, Nyquist and root locus methods, phase margin, Gain margin.Compensator design using frequency domain and time domain methods like root locus, Bode plots, pole placement in time and frequency domain. Asymptotic observers.

Microprocessors

Block diagram view of a general purpose processor; elements of hardware and software architectures; introduction to concepts of data and control paths, registers and memory organization. Instruction set basics and assembly language programming: instruction structure and addressing modes, instruction encoding, and study of 8085A instruction set, hardware architecture and interrupts. Introduction to microcontrollers. 8051 hardware and302240instruction set architecture, timers/counters, interrupts and serial interface (including multi-processor communication). Interfacing basics using examples of I/O devices: parallel port, serial ports, keypad, display, etc. Introductory discussion on processor performance evaluation and design using a RISC ISA (including concepts of pipelining, pipelining hazards, cache, virtual memory and parallelism).

Analog Circuits

Control Systems Lab

(To supplement EE-302 )

Probability and Random Processes

Power Systems

Microprocessors Laboratory

Software experiments using an 8085 Kit to learn its instruction set. Hardware experiments for the use of peripherals like 8251 (USART). Experiments using a development board to learn the instruction set and assembly programming for 8051 family of microcontrollers. Experiments to learn Port IO, control of on chip peripherals such as timers, interfacing with off chip peripherals such as LCD displays, Key boards, Stepper motors and ADC chips. Experiments for the use of other microcontrollers such as PIC using development boards.

Digital Signal Processing

Communications Lab

Communication Systems - I

Review of signals and systems, Fourier transform, and random processes Lowpass representation of bandpass signals and systems: downconversion and upconversion, lowpass representation of bandpass systems Analog modulation techniques: Amplitude modulation, DSB, SSB, VSB modulations, Angle modulation: FM and PM Sampling, quantization and pulse modulation: Sampling and pulse amplitude modulation, PCM and DPCM, Delta modulation, scalar and vector quantization Overview of multiplexing and multiple access techniques: TDM(A), CDMA, FDM and OFDM(A) Digital modulation techniques: Basics of PSK, ASK, FSK, QAM; ML demodulator implementation with matched filter, decision regions and probability of error analysis. Digital communication over bandlimited channels: Intersymbol interference, Nyquist criterion for ISI-free pulse, raised cosine pulse, ML sequence detection for bandlimited channels. Optional topics: Hardware / Software Radio demos, PLL and Synchronization

Electronic Design Lab

Basic concepts on measurements; Noise in electronic systems; Sensors and signal conditioning circuits; Introduction to electronic instrumentation and PC based data acquisition; Electronic system design, Analog system Design, Interfacing of analog and digital systems, Embedded systems, Electronic system design employing microcontrollers, CPLDs, and FPGAs, PCB design and layout; System assembly considerations. Group projects involving electronic hardware (Analog, Digital, mixed signal) leading to implementation of an application will be carried out.

Technical Communication

    Assessment of effective technical communication: Honesty, Clarity, Accuracy, Comprehensiveness, Accessibility, Conciseness, Professional Appearance, Correctness Ethical and legal issues: Copyright, plagiarism Writing process: Planning, Drafting, Revising, Editing, Proofreading Making oral presentations

Digital Signal Processing Lab

Introduction to Data Science and Machine Learning

Revision of continuous random variables, multivariate distributions, marginalization, conditional distributions; Charts and data visualization, including bar charts, line charts, error bars, pie charts, scatter plots, bubble charts, box plots, chart information elements, coherence and aesthetics; Exploratory data analysis, including statistical descriptors, correlations, QQ plots; Hypothesis testing, t-test, chi-squared test, non-parametric tests; Linear and logistic regression, derivation of loss functions, gradient descent, L2 and L1 regularization, validation, cross-validation, domain shift; Support vector machines and kernel methods for classification and regression; Shallow neural networks, importance of hidden layer, computation graphs and Jacobians, backpropagation; Feature engineering, imputation, forward selection, backward elimination; Combining models, ensembles, cascades and trees, random forests, boosting; Clustering, k-means, fuzzy c-means, DBSCAN, hierarchical, clustering metrics; Dimensionreduction, PCA, kernel PCA, t-SNE. Density estimation, maximum likelihood parameter estimate, kernel density estimation, EM-algorithm for GMM.

Discrete Data and Digital Control

Sampling and data reconstruction processes. Ideal sampler, sampling theorem, zero order holds. Z-transforms : Theorem evaluation Jury"s criteria. Design of DD systems. Stepper motors and motor controllers and stepper motor control systems. Applications, NC systems, peripherals.

Supervised Research Exposition

Digital Signal Processing Software and Hardware Lab

The lab experiments that will be typically conducted are listed here. Software labs performed on a general purpose processor. 1. Generation and processing of simple waveforms in software 2. Finite impulse response (FIR) and infinite impulse response (IIR) filter Implementation as embedded blocks and their comparison 3. Fixed-Point Representation and Processing 4. Discrete Fourier transforms (DFT) and fast Fourier transforms (FFT) 5. Multirate DSP and its applications Hardware labs performed on a programmable digital signal processor (DSP): 1. Introduction to the programmable DSP, the software platform, and signal generation considerations 2. FIR filter implementation using linear and circular buffer 3. IIR Filter Implementation and comparison with FIR implementation 4. FFT and real-time spectral analysis 5. Dual tone multiple frequency (DTMF) encoding and decoding

Cryptocurrency and Blockchain Technologies

Cryptocurrencies Bitcoin: Elliptic curve cryptography, ECDSA, cryptographic hash functions, SHA-256, Bitcoin addresses, Bitcoin`s blockchain, block header, Merkle trees, mining, proof of work (PoW) algorithms, difficulty adjustment algorithm, mining pools, transactions, double spending attacks, the 51% attacker, block format, pre-SegWit transaction formats, Bitcoin script, transaction malleability, SegWit transaction formats, smart contracts (escrow, micropayments, decentralized lotteries), payment channels, Lightning network. Ethereum: Overview of differences between Ethereum and Bitcoin, block format, mining algorithm, proof-of-stake (PoS) algorithm, account management, contracts and transactions, Solidity language, decentralized applications using Ethereum. Stellar: Overview of Stellar Network, Horizon and Core servers, Stellar consensus protocol, accounts, assets, ledger format, ledger operations, transactions, smart contracts. Monero: Overview of differences between Monero and Bitcoin, Cryptonote protocol, ring signatures, confidential transactions, Cryptonight mining algorithm. Zcash: Overview of differences between Zcash and Bitcoin, zero knowledge proofs, zero knowledge succinct non-interactive arguments of knowledge (zkSNARKs), Equihash mining algorithm. Blockchain Technologies Hyperledger Fabric: System architecture, ledger format, chaincode execution, transaction flow and ordering, private channels, membership service providers, case studies of applications Hyperledger Sawtooth: System architecture, global state data format, transactions, batches, journal, proof-of-elapsed time (PoET) consensus algorithm, validator network, case studies of applications Quorum: Overview of differences between Quorum and Ethereum, system architecture, Constellation protocol, Raft-based consensus protocol, Istanbul Byzantine fault tolerance (IBFT) protocol, zero-knowledge security layer, case studies of applications.

Communication Systems II

Each module has some core and optional topics that can be adapted by the instructor. Module 1 (Fundamentals): Fundamentals of digital communication, transmit power and bandwidth, popular digital modulation schemes, noise processes and error probability, Shannon capacity formula for the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel Module 2 (Channels and equalization): Fading dispersive channels and equalization, Transmit domain equalization using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). Receive domain Viterbi equalization, Channel estimation using pilots, Blind equalization, Decision feedback equalization, Carrier and timing synchronization Module 3 (Introduction to error control coding): Introduction to error control coding, Linear block codes, Convolutional codes and Viterbi decoding, Turbo codes, low density parity check (LDPC) codes and message passing decoders, Performance of coding schemes and achieving the Shannon Limit in binary input channels, Coded Modulation, Recent advances in coding theory (such as Polar codes) Module 4 (Introduction to Wireless Communications): User multiplexing in uplink and downlink wireless systems, Transmit beamforming, Zero forcing and MMSE based receivers, wireless channel capacity, Introduction to Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) and diversity, Recent advances in wireless communications with topics such as Massive MIMO and channel effects, Point to point communication using massive MIMO, Channel capacity improvements using massive MIMO, Applications in millimeter wave systems Module 5 (Applications and advanced topics): Selected topics and recent advances in digital communication, such as new waveforms for high mobility channels and orthogonal time-frequency-space (OTFS) modulation, filter bank multi-carrier (FBMC) modulation, Low power long range communication: frequency shift keying (FSK) and chirp based schemes, Molecular communication, Intelligent antennas, coherent optical communications.

Energy Data Analytics

The energy industry is seeing an influx of data from new ICT and IOT interventions, leading to several problem statements seeking data-driven solutions. The problems span a wide gamut - from forecasting to pattern recognition, from anomaly detection to predictive maintenance and from cost minimization to efficiency optimization to name a few. This course can provide an introductory platform to the evolving world of energy informatics to interested students. Moreover, this course is ideally suited to introduce project/activity-based learning in the Electrical Engineering curriculum. It is an excellent sequel to the newly introduced AI and data science course EE 353, allowing students to apply the techniques learnt in that course to industry inspired problems. The course will also bring in industry professionals to provide insights on real world problems and also to evaluate the innovative solutions designed during the course. This way, the course is designed to produce well rounded energy data analysts much needed today. Module 1 (Introduction to energy data analytics and energy systems):Introduction to energy data analytics, focusing on the importance of data in theenergy sector. Overview of the key sources of energy data (smart meters,sensors, satellite data, etc.) and the typical tools and programming languages(Python, R, SQL, etc.) used for energy data analytics. Brief overview of energysystems, including generation, transmission, and distribution networks;renewable/conventional energy sources; consumption patterns and gridoperations.Module 2 (Data Processing and Exploratory Analysis): Data acquisition fromIoT devices, SCADA, and APIs. Data cleaning and preprocessing techniques(handling missing values and outliers). Time series analysis in energy data.Correlation between different energy variables. Pattern identification andanomaly detection. Typical machine learning applications in energy domain(demand forecasting, anomaly detection, consumer clustering, etc).Module 3 (Overview of various data-driven applications in energy domain):Forecasting energy demand and supply using time series techniques (ARIMA,SARIMA, LSTMs); Impact of weather on energy demand; Considerations inlong-term/medium-term/short-term forecasting.Optimization and decision support systems for energy efficiency optimization,demand-side management, building automation and control, energy costminimization and system control.Use of data for energy market analysis and policy studies, including electricitypricing models, carbon footprint analysis, energy transition studies.Overview of phasor measurement units and wide-area monitoring and control forpower grids.Role of IoT in smart energy systems (buildings cities, grids etc), big datatechniques for handling large-scale energy datasets, Cloud and edge computingapplications.Case studies and industry applications (examples include energy theft detection,power purchase cost optimization, power management in data centers)

BTP I

Dual Degree Project I

Mini Project

Statistical Signal Analysis

Review of probability theory and random variables. Transformation (function) of random variables. Conditional expectation. sequence of random variables, convergence of sequence of random variables. stochastic processes : wide sense stationary process, orthogonal increment process, Wiener process, and the Poisson process, KL expansion, ergodicity. Mean square continuity, mean square derivative and mean square integral of stochastic processes. Stochastic systems : response of linear dynamic systems (e.g. state space or ARMA systems) to stochastic inputs, Lyapunov equations, correlational function, power spectral density function, introduction to linear least square estimation, Wiener filtering and Kalman filtering.

Radar Systems

Radar theory, different types of radars, Radar signal analysis for range accuracy and resolution. Radar signal detection and estimation techniques, clutter and noise suppression, propogational characteristics over land and sea. Electronic counter measure.

Digital Signal Processing and its Applications

1. Linear Algebra: Set of linear equations, rank, four subspaces and their relationships, uniqueness for overdetermined and underdetermined systems 2. Signal Representation: Basis representation, CT Fourier transform, Fourier series, existence and convergence analysis, Fourier transform for signals in L1, L2, and beyond, regularity- and decay properties, Dirac impulses, and the Poisson summation, uncertainty principle, time-limitedness & bandlimitedness 3. Analog to Digital Conversion: Sampling theory, quantization, oversampling - missing sample recovery, an introduction to sub-Nyquist sampling, projection onto a bandlimited space 4. Recap of - Discrete-Time Signals and Systems, System Analysis by z-Transform, LTI, DTFT, DFT, linear & circular convolutions 5. Relation between CTFT and DTFT, introduction to the problems of blind deconvolution, phase retrieval 6. FIR and IIR filter design: design of basic filters by pole-zero placements, Design of FIR Digital filters: Window method, Park-McClellan`s method; Design of IIR Digital Filters:Butterworth, Chebyshev and Elliptic Approximations; Lowpass, Bandpass, Bandstop and High pass filters 7. Frequency analysis of continuous-time signals, DFT, and resolution issues, linear prediction, high-resolution spectral estimation 8. Spectral Estimation: Parametric and Non-parametric

Error Correcting Codes

Linear block codes : systematic linear codes and optimum decoding for the binary symmetric channel. The generator and parity check matrices, syndrome decoding on symmetric channels, Hamming codes, weight enumerators and the MacWilliams indentities, perfect codes. Introduction to finite fields and finite rings, factorization of Pn - l over a finite field. Cyclic Codes. BCH codes, idempotents and Mattson-Solomon polynomials, Reed-Solomon codes, Justeen codes, MDS codes, Alterant, Goppa and generalized BCH codes, spectral properties of cyclic codes. Decoding of BCH codes, Berlekamp"s decoding algorithm, Massey"s minimum shift register synthesis technique and its relation to Berlekamp"s algorithm. A fast Berlekamp Massey algorithm. Convolution codes, Wozencraft"s sequential decoding algorithm, Fann"s algorithm and other sequential decoding algorithms, Viterbi decoding algorithm.

Fibre Optic Communications

Introduction to vector nature of light, propagation of light, propagation of light in a cylindrical dielectric rod, Ray model, wave model. Different types of optical fibers, Modal analysis of a step index fiber. Signal degradation on optical fiber due to dispersion and attenuation. Fabrication of fibers and measurement techniques like OTDR. Optical sources - LEDs and Lasers, Photo-detectors - pin-detectors, detector responsivity, noise, optical receivers. Optical link design - BER calculation, quantum limit, power panelities. Optical switches - coupled mode analysis of directional couplers, electro-optic switches. Nonlinear effects in fiber optic links. Concept of self-phase modulation, group velocity dispersion and solition based communication. Optical amplifiers - EDFA, Raman amplifier, and WDM systems.

Adaptive Signal Processing

Review of basic linear and non-linear estimation theory, signal modelling, optimal filtering basics. Adaptive filtering as an extension of the optimal least mean square error case, adaptive algorithms, adaptive equilization and echo cancellation adaptive lattice filters, application to radar, solar, geophysics and hydrology, economic processes, communications (spread spectrum techniques).

Radiating Systems

Review of antenna theory, dipoles, monopole and loop antennas, linear and planar arrays, array synthesis, phased arrays, helical antennas, radiation from apertures, aperture distribution, horn and parabolic dish antennas, Yagi - Uda and log-periodic antennas, microstrip antennas and arrays, Dielectric Antennas.

Image Processing

Image representation, basics of colorimetry, KL transforms, two dimensional transforms, image enhancement, edge detection, histograms. Image restoration : sources and models of image degradation, point spread functions (psf), stochastic psf, noise in images. Formulation of image restoration problem least square, minimum mean square error (MMSE) and homomorphic filter restoration, linear and non-linear restoration techniques. Mathematical morphology, computer tomography.

Internet of Things

Module 1: IoT Introduction and Fundamentals IoT Definition, Applications, Benefits/challenges IoT layers and components: Sensors, signal processing, data transmission (wired/wireless), data analysis. IoT levels based on complexity IoT hardware and computing platforms Lab: (2 labs) 1. IoT kit introduction: Hardware and software (programming environment), IDE 2. Embedded software relevant to microcontroller and IoT platform 3. Introduction to peripheral interfacing related to IoT-system design (Sensor, ADC, and wireless module available on kit). This can include SPI/I2C etc. 4. Peripheral interfacing like LEDs/ keys (display, keypad) Module 2: Signals, Sensors, Actuators, Interfaces Sensors, different types/classes of sensors, Sensor parameters: non-idealities, Sensitivity, SNR, power/energy, form-factor Sensor read-out, ADCs, interfacing of sensors Circuit component mismatch and mitigation techniques (calibration, chopping, autozeroing etc.) Datasheet aspects relevant to sensors, sensor selection Basic signal processing (sampling, filtering, quantization, computation, storage) Lab: (1 lab) 1. Interfacing sensor, ADC with the available board, programming for interfacing minimum of two sensors (temperature, soil moisture) simultaneously 2. Interfacing actuators Module 3: Networking, Communication and computing Introduction to basic Communication Network functioning: Layers, Spectrum bands used for IoT communications, Challenges in Networking of IoT Nodes IoT node access methods, technologies and protocols: WiFi, 5G, MQTT, LPWAN, LoRa, , IEEE 802.15.4, etc Cloud computing Optional: Other related topics ▪ Machine-to-Machine (M2M) and IoT Technology Fundamentals, Medium Access Control (MAC) Protocols for M2M Communications ▪ 5G Cellular Networks and 5G IoT Communications, Low-Power Wide Area Networks ▪ Wireless Communications and Networking: channel models, power budgets, data rates ▪ IoT security and privacy Lab: (3 labs) 1. Interfacing or using wireless modules with available boards/kits 2. Communication protocol for connectivity of IoT-CPS system with cloud (IoT platform) 3. Connectivity of gateway to cloud server and control using dashboard/webpage 4. Protocols for node communication to gateway/internet/cloud, and also among nodes (send-receive data) Module 4: Data Analysis Preprocessing, data handling, and computing with Python Basic statistics and probability relevant to IoT data analysis Linear regression, clustering, classification Supervised and unsupervised learning, distributed learning Visualization (dissemination) Lab: (2 labs) 1. To use and analyze data collected from sensors/cloud 2. Bring in closed loop application of data analytics (like controlling action/ alert) 3. Perform classification/prediction based on collected data 4. Use of basic visualization for data interpretation Module 5: Case studies and Project Discuss IoT case studies (these could be running throughout the modules) Lab: (2 labs) ◦ Put together a complete and practical IoT system with possibly more than one nodes connecting to a gateway. This will be connected to the cloud to perform data analysis, make inference, and provide actuating signals.

Power System Modeling and Control

Introduction: Evolution of Power Systems and the Present-Day Scenario. Structure of a power system: Bulk Power Grids and Micro-grids. Conventional and Renewable Energy Sources. Distributed Energy Resources. Energy Storage. Review of basic concepts of single-phase and three-phase AC systems. Power System Components and Modeling : Overhead Transmission Lines and Cables: Electrical and Magnetic Fields around conductors, Corona and bundled conductors Parameters of lines and cables. Traveling wave Equations. Lightning and Switching Surges. Surge Arresters. Sinusoidal steady state representation of AC lines: Short, medium and long lines. Surge Impedance Loading, Power Transfer, Voltage profile and reactive power absorption/generation in transmission lines. Series and Shunt Compensation of ac lines. Transformers: Three-phase connections and Phase-shifts. Three-winding transformers, auto-transformers. Tap-Changing in transformers, Instrument transformers. Transformer Parameters. Per-unit system. Synchronous Machines: Review of steady-state performance characteristics. Real and Reactive Power Capability Curves. Voltage and Frequency regulation of a single synchronous generator connected to a load. Synchronous Generation connected to an infinite bus by an AC line. Stability Constraints on power flow in ac interconnections. HVAC versus HVDC transmission systems. AC/DC conversion systems. Line Commutated Converters (LCCs) and their capabilities. HVDC links using LCCs. Voltage Source Converters (VSCs) and their capabilities. HVDC links based on VSCs. Renewable Energy and Storage Systems. Grid Interfacing of these systems. STATCOM. Loads: Modeling Voltage and Frequency Dependence. Modeling of unbalanced systems: Symmetrical Components (positive, negative and zero sequences). Representation of generators, lines and transformers in the sequence domain. Analysis of simple unbalanced situations using symmetrical components. Operation and Control of Integrated Grids Transmission and distribution voltage levels. Meshed and radial systems. Synchronous and Asynchronous Interconnections. Equipment protection schemes: Over-current, directional, distance and differential protection. Primary and Backup protection. Types of Circuit Breakers. Monitoring and Control of Integrated Grids: Frequency, voltage and power flow control. Preventive Control and System Protection Schemes.

Advanced Integrated Circuits for Wireless Transceivers

A traditional first course on Radio Frequency (RF) Integrated Circuit (IC) course (EE619: RF Microelectronics Chip Design) covers foundational RF concepts and the design of basic RF building blocks. This advanced course will build on these foundations and familiarize students with the design principles and practices of modern 5G wireless communication transceivers implemented in fully integrated form in nanoscale CMOS technology. A major part of the course will cover the fundamentals of multi-antenna transceiver design commonly employed at mm-wave frequencies (>30 GHz), where the design of phased-array systems and their constituent building blocks will be covered. Part I (Foundations 35% of the lectures): Si-based devices in SiGe/CMOS: transistor modeling, process characterization, gm/Id design methodology. Si-based passives in nanoscale CMOS: inductors, capacitors, transformers, transmission lines (TL), impact of BEOL and modeling. Review of RF impairments of noise/distortion, TL, and S-parameters. Two-port network theory, and application to microwave/mm-wave amplifier design (stability and noise of two-ports, amplifier noise/noise parameters/noise circles, power gain/ gain circles /stability circles etc.). Review of complex baseband (I/Q signal processing), and modern RF architectures to enable image rejection, advanced filtering etc. Part II (mm-wave IC design 65% of the lectures): This part of the course will build on the concepts developed in Part I and cover the fundamentals of multi-antenna transceiver design at mm-wave frequencies. Topics that will be covered include: Introduction to phased arrays and multi-antenna systems. System-level link-budget analysis. mmWave amplifier design: low-noise amplifiers. Phased-array transceiver building blocks: phase-shifters/vector-modulators, quadrature hybrids, coupled-resonators, variable-gain amplifiers, and couplers/power-dividers. mmWave VCOs. mmWave power-amplifier design. Case-studies of state-of-the-art mm-wave transceivers. Students will be assigned a multi-stage design project, featuring a study of system requirements and translation to circuit design specifications, followed by hand-analysis/behavioural-modelling, transistor-level circuit design, layout design and characterization electromagnetic structures, and finally post-layout characterization.

Advanced Electrical Machine Design

1.Fundamentals of design of electrical machines.2.Classification of electrical machines based on their torque production.3.Introduction to winding design: overview on induced emf through coils due to magnetic induction, effects of changing the pole numbers for a particular coil, correlation betweenthe space harmonics of air-gap flux density and the induced emf in coils.4.Calculating the winding factor of a coil using 302221star of slots302222 technique.5.Drawing of air-gap MMF and calculation of harmonic contents.6.Overview of distributed and concentrated, single and multi-layer winding.7.Choice of suitable slot-pole combinations for certain speed/power ratings of machines.8.Design of permanent magnet, their electrical equivalent circuit, permeance coefficient and load line.9.Effect of permanent magnet shape, and position on machine performance.10.Design of singly salient and doubly-fed synchronous machine such as EESM, SPMSM, IPMSM.11.Design of doubly salient and singly-fed synchronous machine such as SRM.12.Design of singly salient and singly fed synchronous machine such as SynRM.13.Design of squirrel cage.14.Brief overview on axial flux machines.15.Brief overview of FEM-based simulation, optimization, thermal and structural analysis of electrical machines and co-simulation (ANSYS and Matlab) for motor control.

EV Powertrains (EVP)

Introduction to Electric Vehicles (EVs): History of EVs, motors and power electronics, Advantages and significance of EVs, Different powertrain configuration of EVs and Hybrid vehicles, India & Global EV scenario Components of EV Powertrain: Vehicle modelling, Sizing and specifications of different sub-systems, Role of Power Electronics and Motors in EVs Battery management system: Different battery technologies. Battery Packs, circuits and techniques for Battery management system (BMS) Vehicle Control Units: Features / functionality of VCU, Architecture and Protocols of VCUs, Communications requirements EV Charging: Charging protocols, On-board charger technology, Fast charger technology, Wireless charging technology and limitations, Impact of EV charging on grid EV Motor Drive and Control: Introduction to different types of motors used in EVs and their comparison, Overview of speed control of BLDC and PMSM, Regenerative braking concept, energy saving EV Safety & Standards: Safety aspects and protection arrangements, International and national standards Case studies of current EV technologies and systems

Microwave Integrated Circuits

Introduction, Analysis of microstriplines, variational methods, conformal transformation, Numerical analysis, Losses in microstriplines, Slot line. Coupled lines, Design of directional couplers, hybrid couplers, filters, circulators. Microstriplines with ferrite and garnet substrates. Lumped elements in MICs, Technology of MICs, Monolithic hybrid substrates, Thin and thick film techniques, computer aided design.

Telematics

Communication networks, subscriber loops, Theory of delog and lost calls, digital switching, digital modulation, signalling, synchronization, protocols, traffic analysis, ISDN.

Nonlinear Dynamical Systems

Introduction to nonlinear systems; analysis by phase plane and describing function methods. Lyapunov stability theory. The Lure problem: Popov`s method, circle criterion. Hyperstability. Hamiltonian, Lagrangian and gradient systems: physical examples and analysis. Stability of Hamiltonian systems. Periodic systems: Floquet-Lyapunov theory, Krein`s stability theorem.

Solid State Microwave Devices and their Applications

Amplifiers - Power gain equations, stability, impedance matching, constant gain and noise figure circles. Small signal, low noise, high-power and broadband amplifier design. Oscillators - One port, two port, YIG dielectric and Gunn-diode oscillators. PIN diodes and uses as switches, phase shifters and limiters, varactor diodes, IMPATT and TRAPATT devices, transferred electron devices, Microwave BJTs. GaAs FETs, low noise and power GaAs FETs and their applications, Microwave Mixers.

Control and Computational Laboratory

Programming and computation in MATLAB and SCILAB. Design of control systems and their simulation using software tools. Implementation of algorithms for multivariable systems for pole placement, observer design, stability computations, factorizations, solutions of Lyapunov and Ricatti equations, realizations, balancing. Use of algorithms for multivariable time series modelling.

Electronic Systems Design

Signal conditioning, Instrumentation & Isolation amplifiers, Analog filters, Analog switches, Programmable circuits, Switched-capacitors circuits and applications. A/D and D/A conversion: sampling and quantization, antialiasing and smoothening filters, Data converters, Interfacing with DSP blocks. Signal measurement in the presence of noise: synchronous detection, signal averaging. Noise in electronic systems; design of low noise circuits. Interfacing of analog and digital systems. PCB design and layout; System assembly considerations.

Sensors in Instrumentation

Sensor characteristics; R, L and C sensors: Hall effect sensors; Piezoelectric sensors; Micro-sensors. Sensors for displacement, pressure, temperature, flow etc. Optical sensors; chemical and bio-sensors. Sensor applications in non-destructive testing. Interfacing sensors with microprocessors and micro controllers.

CMOS Analog VLSI Design

Introduction to analog VLSI and mixed signal is- sues in CMOS technologies. Basic MOSFET models, SPICE Models and frequency dependent parameters. Basic CMOS gain stages, Common source, Common gate, common drain amplifiers, Fully Differential amplifiers, multi-stage amplifier configurations. Frequency response, stability and noise in amplifiers. frequency compensation of multi-stage amplifiers, CMOS analog blocks: Cur- rent sources and voltage references. Design and analysis of Operational amplifiers. Layout tech- niques of analog circuits, mismatch and common- centroid matching techniques.

Radio Frequency Microelectronics Chip Design

Introduction to RF and Wireless Technology: Complexity, design and applications. Choice of Technology. Basic concepts in RF Design: Nonlinearly and Time Variance, intersymbol Interference, random processes and Noise. Definitions of sensitivity and dynamic range, conversion Gains and Distortion. Analog and Digital Modulation for RF circuits: Comparison of various techniques for power efficiency. Coherent and Non coherent defection. Mobile RF Communication systems and basics of Multiple Access techniques. Receiver and Transmitter Architectures and Testing heterodyne, Homodyne, Image-reject, Direct-IF and sub-sampled receivers. Direct Conversion and two steps transmitters. BJT and MOSFET behavior at RF frequencies Modeling of the transistors and SPICE models. Noise performance and limitation of devices. Integrated Parasitic elements at high frequencies and their monolithic implementation. Basic blocks in RF systems and their VLSI implementation : Low Noise Amplifiers design in various technologies, Design of Mixers at GHz frequency range. Various Mixers, their working and implementations, Oscillators: Basic topologies VCO and definition of phase noise. Noise-Power trade-off. Resonatorless VCO design. Quadrature and single-sideband generators, Radio Frequency Synthesizes: PLLS, Various RF synthesizer architectures and frequency dividers, Power Amplifiers design. Linearisation techniques, Design issues in integrated RF filters.Some discussion on available CAD tools for RF VLSI designs.

Physics of Transistors

The MOS transistor: Pao-Sah and Brews models; Short channel effects in MOS transistors. Hot-carrier effects in MOS transistors; Quasi-static compact models of MOS transistors; Measurement of MOS transistor parameters; Scaling and transistors structures for ULSI; Silicon-on-insulator transistors; High-field and radiation effects in transistors. The bipolar transistor: Ebers-Moll model; charge control model; small-signal and switching characteristics; Graded-base and graded-emitter transistors; High-current and high- frequency effects; Heterojunction bipolar transistors; Junction FETs; JFET, MESFET and heterojunction FET.

Markov Chains and Queuing Systems

{Background:} Markov Chains and regenerative processes have been extensively used in modeling a wide variety of systems and phenomena. Likewise, many systems can be modeled as queueing systems with some aspect of the queue governed by a random process. Obvious examples of such systems occur in telecommunication systems, manufacturing systems and computer systems. This course is aimed at teaching system modeling using Markov chains with special emphasis on developing queueing models. The course contents are as follows. Introduction: Review of basic probability, properties of nonnegative random variables, laws of large numbers and the Central Limit Theorem Renewal Processes: Basic definitions, recurrence times, rewards and renewal reward theorem, point processes, Poisson process, Walds equation, Blackwell`s theorem Discrete time Markov chains: definitions and properties, matrix representation, Perron-Frobenius theory Continuous time Markov chains: basic definitions, $Q-$matrix, birth-death processes, quasi birth death processes. Embedded Markov processes, semi Markov processes, reversible Markov chains Random walks Fundamental queueing results: Little`s theorem, invariance of the mean delay, Conservation law Markovian queues: Jackson and BCMP networks, numerical algorithms M/G/1 & G/M/1 queues and G/G/1 queues Advanced queueing models: priority, vacation and retrials in queues.

Optimal Control Systems

Static and dynamic optimization. Parameter optimization. Caculus of Variations : problems of Lagrange,. Mayer and Bolza. Euler-Language equation and transversality conditions, Lagrange multipiliers. Pontryagin?s maximum principle; theory; application to minimum time, energy and control effort problems, and terminal control problem. Dynamic programming : Belaman?s principle of optimality, multistage decision processes. application to optimal control. Linear regulator problem : matrix Riccati equation and its solution, tracking problem. Brief introduction to H-2 and H-infinity optimal control problem. Computational methods in optimal control. application of mathematical programming. singular perturbations, practical examples.

Bio Sensors & BioMEMS

This course has been initiated to introduce students to biosensors and microfabricated systems for biosensing, primarily on silicon, so that they can get on with their seminars and projects in these areas. The focus of this course would be to acquaint students to device structures, analysis of the structures to obtain device characteristics and finally approaches to design and test of these devices and systems. Pre-requisite: Introductory courses on device physics & differential equations. If a first level course on devices has not been taken, students should get an introduction to the area by reading a book such as `Semiconductor Devices: Physics & Technology` by SM Sze [John Wiley, India, 2002]. The broad structure of the course would be: Weeks 1-2: Approaches to designing electronic systems Sensor classification & sensing principles Introduction to biosensors & bioMS Weeks 3-6: Semiconductor sensors for physical measurands Physicochemical sensors integrable on silicon Weeks 7-9: Biosensors: Structures & device analysis Catalytic biosensors Affinity biosensors Weeks 10-12: bioMS: Architectures & analytic models

Biomedical Instrumentation

Brief introduction to human physiology. Biomedical transducers: displacement, velocity, force, acceleration, flow, temperature, potential, dissolved ions and gases. Bioelectrodes and biopotential amplifiers for ECG, EMG, EEG, etc. Measurement of blood temperature, pressure and flow. Impedance plethysmography. Ultrasonic and nuclear imaging. Prostheses and aids: pacemakers, defibrilla-tors, heart-lung machine, artificial kidney, aids for the handicapped. Safety aspects.

Modern Filter Design

Approximation theory. Network transformations, network function decomposition. Active elements : Operational amplifiers, NIC, gyrator controlled sources. Active RC filter design : Use of finite and infinite gain amplifiers and biquads. State space approach, multiple feedback design, two integrator loop and high order filter design. Design based on impedance converters. High frequency filter design : High frequency characteristics of op-amps. Single pole roll-off model. Compensated filter design. Active R and C filters. Switched capacitor filters.

Simulation of Devices and Circuits

Formulation of network equations: Nodal, mesh, modified nodal and hybrid analysis equations. Sparse matrix techniques; Solution of nonlinear networks through Newton-Raphson technique. Multistep methods: convergence and stability; Special classes of multistep methods: Adams-bashforth, Adams-Moulton and Gear`s methods; Solution of stiff systems of equations; Adaptation of multistep methods to the solution of electrical networks; General purpose circuit simulators. Review of semiconductor equations (Poisson, continuity, drift-diffusion, trap rate). Finite difference formulation of these equations in 1D and 2D. Grid generation. Physical/empirical models of semiconductor parameters (mobility, lifetime, band gap, etc.). Computation of characteristics of simple devices (p-n junction, MOS capacitor, MOSFET, etc.); Small-signal analysis.

Applied Linear Algebra

Vector spaces, linear dependence, basis. Representation of linear transformations with respect to a basis. Inner product spaces, Hilbert spaces, linear functions, the Riesz representation theorem and adjoints. Orthogonal projections, products of projections, orthogonal direct sums. Unitary and orthogonal transformations, complete orthonormal sets and Parseval"s identity. Closed subspaces and the projection theorem for Hilbert spaces. Polynomials. The algebra of polynomials, matrix polynomials, annihilating polynomials and invariant subspaces, Jordan forms. Applications : Complementary orthogonal spaces in networks, properties of graphs and their relation to vector space properties of their matrix representations. Solution of state equations in linear system theory. Relation between the rational and Jordan forms. Numerical linear algebra : Direct and iterative methods of solutions of linear equations. Matrices, norms, complete metric spaces and complete normal linear spaces (Banach spaces). Least squares problems (constrained and unconstrained). Eigenvalue problem.

Theory of Electron Devices

Matrix Computations

Basic iterative methods for solutions of linear systems and their rates of convergence. Generalized conjugate gradient, Krylov space and Lanczos methods. Iterative methods for symmetric, non-symmetric and generalized eigenvalue problems. Singular value decompositions. Fast computations for structured matrices. Polynomial matrix computations. Perturbation bounds for eigenvalues.

Microprocessors and Microcomputers

Introduction to computers. Computer organization, functional blocks, ALU, control unit I/O and memory. Introduction to microprocessors. Organization of 8085A microprocessor. Introduction set and programming principles. Microcomputer system and address decoding principle. Microcontroller systems. Microprocessor support chips : 8255A, 8253, 8259, 8251A, 8279 etc. Introduction to 16-bit microprocessors and support chips. Multiprocessor systems. Microprocessor selection and product development. Some case studies.

Estimation and Identification

Introduction to linear least square estimation : a geometric approach. Wiener filter, Levinson filter, updating QR filter and the Kalman filter. Filter implementation structures : Lattice, ladder and the systolic QR. Stochastic realization theory (modelling given the covariance). Modelling given the raw data. Spectral estimation. Recursive least squares identification algorithms : Levinson-type, Kalman-type and the QR-type.

Microprocessor Lab

Lab based on EE 637. Course must be taken together with EE 637.

Multivariable Control Systems

Examples of multivariable control systems. State space, polynomial and stable fraction models. Controllability, observability and computations involved in their analysis. Realization theory of multivariable systems and algorithms. Stability by Lyapunov`s method, solution of Lyapunov equations. Pole placement, observer design and stabilization theory. Spectral factorizations of systems. Solution of the Ricatti equation.Balanced realizations and their computations.

Finite Fields and their Applications

Basics of finite fields: Groups, rings, fields, polynomials, field extensions, characterization of finite fields, roots of irreducible polynomials, traces, norms, bases, roots of unity, cyclotomic polynomials, representation of elements of finite fields, Wedderburn`s theorem, order of polynomials, primitive polynomials, construction of irreducible polynomials, linearized polynomials, binomials, trinomials. Applications to algebraic coding theory: Linear codes, cyclic codes, Goppa codes.

Digital Protection of Power Systems

Review of principles of power system protection: over-current, directional, differential and distance protection. Teactance, impedences and mho relays, numerical relays:motivation, basic hardware. Review of digital signal processing techniques: sampling, aliasing, courier, discrete Fourier transforms and fast fourier transforms. Numerical algorithms, CT/PT modelling and standard, simulation of transients, electromagnetic transient program(EMTP)

Power Electronics -I

Review of line commutated converters, inverters, voltage control & Power factor improvement. Power Devices : BJT, MOSFET, IGBT & GTOs - operating characteristics and gate drive requirements and circuits. Switched-mode rectifier : various power circuit configurations and wave shaping techniques. Synchronous link rectifiers: Power circuit configurations, control techniques, application of these converters in load compensation, series compensators, multi level converters. Inverters : Voltage source inverters :-single phase & Six step inverters, voltage control & PWM strategies and implementation aspects, Modification of power circuit for four quadrant operation. Current source inverters : single phase and three phase power circuit configuration and analysis. Load commutated inverters: principle of operation, modification of power circuit configuration for low frequency operation. Phase Controllers.

Power Electronics - II

DC- DC, Converters - principle of operation of buck, boost, buck-boost, Cuk, flyback, forward, push-pull, half bridge, full bridge & isolated Cuk Converters, Input & output filter design, multi-output operation of isolated converters, MMF equations. Design of transformers and inductors. Modelling of the above converters using state averaging techniques.Resonant Inverters : DC link Inverters, modified circuit topologies for DC link voltage clamping, voltage control - PWM techniques (sigma, sigma - delta modulation) quasi resonant inverters. DC-DC converters - series resonant and parallel resonant, application of zero voltage and zero current switchings for DC-DC converters (buck & boost). Inverters for Induction Heating and UPS.

Computer Aided Power System Analysis

Loadflow for AC systems, fast decoupled load flow, optional power flow. Z-matrix for short circuit studies. State estimation, LO algorithm, fast decoupled state estimation. Security and contingency studies. Unit Commitment, Load frequency control. Optimal hydro-thermal scheduling. AI applications.

Electrical Machine Analysis and Control

Principle of unified machine theory, generalized torque equation. Performance evaluation of DC machine and speed control. Three phase induction motor- transformation methods, (stationary, rotor and synchronous frames) and corresponding equivalent circuits. Three Phase synchronous motor : representation, Park transformation. Drives, various Control techniques. Concept of Space vector, field oriented control and direct torque control of IM. Permanent magnet synchronous motors- machine model (d-q) and control methods Switched reluctance motor drive and various power circuit configurations and control.

Electric Drives

Methods of DC motor control, non-regenerative controled rectifiers, fully controlled converters, field control, switching systems for DC motors, chopper regulators, aspects of analysis performance and stability of variable speed dc drives. Induction motor control systems, ac regulators and static switches, control of effective rotor resistance, recovery of slip energy, Variable frequency control of ac motors, current source inverter fed induction motor drive. forced commutated inverter fed drives, self-controlled synchronous motor drives and traction drives. Analysis, performance and stability of synchronous and asynchronous drives. Solar and battery powered drives.

Power System Dynamics and Control

Basic Concepts of dynamical systems and stability. Modelling of power system components for stability studies: generators, transmission lines, excitation and prime mover controllers, FACTS and HVDC systems. Analysis of single machine and multi-machine systems: Small signal angle instability (low frequency oscillations): damping and synchronizing torque analysis, eigenvalue analysis. Mitigation using power system stabilizers. Large Disturbance Angle Instability: Analysis using digital simulation. Introduction to Energy Function based approaches. Transient stability controllers. Analysis of Voltage Instability Phenomena Introduction to Sub-synchronous Resonance.

A First Course in Optimization

1. Introduction: Basic definition, problem formulation and illustrative examples. Existence of minimum, Weierstrass's Theorem, Necessary conditions for unconstrained minimization, Sufficiency conditions for unconstrained minimization. 2. Convex Analysis: convex sets, closest point theorem, Theorem of alternatives, Farka's lemma, Gordan's theorem, convex functions, minima and maxima of convex functions, generalizations. 3. Linear programming: Motivation, formulation, optimality conditions, simplex method, dual formulation and optimality conditions. 4. Constrained minimization: role of constraints, linear and non-linear constraints, equality and inequality constraints, optimality conditions, Fritz John optimality conditions, Karush Kuhn Tucker optimality conditions, necessary conditions and sufficiency conditions. 5. Application of optimization theory: Application to networks and economics. 6. Quadratic programming: formulation, optimality conditions and algorithms, applications. 7. Algorithms for unconstrained minimization: Univariate Line search methods, Multidimensional search methods, steepest descent, Newton's, Quasi newton and trust region approaches, method of conjugate directions, CG method.

Application of Power Electronics to Power Systems

Theory and performance of transmission lines. Steady state and dynamic problems in AC systems. High Voltage DC Systems: Comparison of AC and DC transmission. Types of DC links. Components of HVDC systems: Converters, Filters, Smoothing Reactor etc., Control Strategies. Modelling, Analysis and Simulation of HVDC Systems Flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS): Principles of series and shunt compensation. Description of static var compensators (SVC), Thyristor Controlled series compensators (TCSC), Static phase shifters (SPS), Static condenser (STATCON), Static synchronous series compensator (SSSC) and Unified power flow controller (UPFC). Modelling, Analysis and Simulation of FACTS controllers.

IC Technology

Overview of semiconductor processing, clean room and safety requirements, wafer cleaning. Mask making and photolithography. Wet and dry etching. Impurity diffusion; solution of diffusion equation, anomalous diffusion and emitter push effect, modelling of diffusion phenomena, technological processes for diffusion, characterisation of diffused layers, process simulation of diffusion in silicon. Ion implantation: principles, techniques and applications, removal of implant damage. Oxidation : Procedures for oxidation of silicon, kinetics of oxidation, Deal-Grove model and refinements of this model, impurity redistribution during oxidation, local oxidation, evaluation of oxide layers, ellipsometry. Epitaxy : technological procedures, modeling, redistribution of impurities during epitaxy, evaluation of epitaxial layers chemical vapour deposition and LPCVD of poly silicon, oxide and nitride layers. Metallisation and multilayers interconnects. Complete process flows for CMOS, NMOS and bipolar technologies.

Systems Design

Basics of system hardware design. Hierarchical design using top-down and bottom-up methodology. System partitioning techniques, interfacing between system components. Handling multiple clock domains, Synchronous and asynchronous design styles. Interface between synchronous and asynchronous blocks. Meta-stability and techniques for handling it. Interfacing linear and digital systems, data conversion circuits. Design of finite state machines, state assignment strategies. Design and optimization of pipelined stages. Use of data flow graphs, Critical path analysis, retiming and scheduling strategies for performance enhancement. Implementation of DSP algorithms. Signal integrity and high speed behaviour of interconnects: ringing, cross talk and ground bounce. Layout strategies at IC and board level for local and global signals. Power supply decoupling. Test strategies: Border Scan, Built In Self Test and signature analysis.

VLSI Technology

Environment for VLSI Technology : Clean room and safety requirements. Wafer cleaning processes and wet chemical etching techniques. Impurity incorporation : Solid State diffusion modelling and technology; Ion Implantation modelling, technology and damage annealing; characterisation of Impurity profiles. Oxidation : Kinetics of Silicon dioxide growth both for thick, thin and ultrathin films. Oxidation technologies in VLSI and ULSI; Characterisation of oxide films; High k and low k dielectrics for ULSI. Lithography : Photolithography, E-beam lithography and newer lithography techniques for VLSI/ULSI; Mask generation. Chemical Vapour Deposition techniques : CVD techniques for deposition of polysilicon, silicon dioxide, silicon nitride and metal films; Epitaxial growth of silicon; modelling and technology. Metal film deposition : Evaporation and sputtering techniques. Failure mechanisms in metal interconnects; Multi-level metallisation schemes. Plasma and Rapid Thermal Processing: PECVD, Plasma etching and RIE techniques; RTP techniques for annealing, growth and deposition of various films for use in ULSI. Process integration for NMOS, CMOS and Bipolar circuits; Advanced MOS technologies.

VLSI Design

CMOS: Behaviour & Spice Modeling, Layout/Stick Diagram, Interconnects: Wireline models, CMOS Inverter, Static CMOS Logic gate design, Dynamic CMOS logic design, CMOS sequential logic design, Custom/Semi-custom ASIC Design, Design of standard cells, Standard Cell Library, Standard cell views and their creation (.v/.vhd, .lef, .lib, .gdsII, .spice), IO Library, IP libraries: Adders, Multipliers, Introduction to Memory, 6T cell based SRAM Design (single port and dual port), 8T cell based register file design, Timing Issues in Digital Circuits, Design Synthesis, Physical Design, Clock tree synthesis & Static Timing Analysis, RTL to gdsII design use cases and optimization using OpenLane based open source design flow.

Microelectronics Lab

Laboratory experiments on technology, characterization, design and simulation of devices and integrated circuits, based on courses EE 633, 661, 662, 665, 668 and 674. Fabrication of MOS capacitors and junction diodes. Characterization of MOS capacitors by C-V and I-V. Characterization of photovoltaic cells. Process simulation. Circuit and timing simulation. Design of standard cell and gate array based circuits and their simulation. Computer-aided testing of integrated circuits.

Power Systems & Power Electronics Laboratory

This is a laboratory based on computer simulation and hardware experiments consisting of computer simulation experiments on power systems and power electronics and hardware experiments on power electronics.

Microprocessor Applications in Power Electronics

Review of microcontrollers and digital signal processors, architecture,peripheral modules.;Typical processors for control implementation: memory organisation, CPU details, addressing modes, interrupt structure, hardware multiplier, pipelining.; Fixed- and floating-point data representations.;Assemblers, linkers and loaders. Binary file formats for processor executable files. Typical structure of timer-interrupt driven programs.;Implementing digital processor based control systems for power electronics: Reference frame transformations, PLL implementations, machine models, harmonic and reactive power compensation, space vector PWM.;Numerical integration methods.;Multitasking concepts for power electronics implementations: The need for multitasking, various multitasking methods.

Foundation of VLSI CAD

Matrices: Linear dependence of vectors, solution of linear equations, bases of vector spaces. orthogonality, complementary orthogonal spaces and solution spaces of linear equations. Graphs: representation of graphs using matrices; paths, connectedness; circuits, cutsets, trees; fundamentals circuit and cutset matrices; voltage and current spaces of a directed graph and their complementary orthogonality. Algorithms and data structures: efficient representation of graphs; elementary graph algorithms involving bfs and dfs trees, such as finding connected and 2-connected components of a graph, the minimum spanning tree, shortest path between a pair of vertices in a graph;

Wavelets

Introduction to time frequency analysis; the how, what and why about wavelets. Short-time Fourier transform, Wigner-Ville transform. Continuous time wavelet transform, Discrete wavelet transform, tiling of the time-frequency plane and wavepacket analysis. Construction of wavelets. Multiresolution analysis. Introduction to frames and biorthogonal wavelets. Multirate signal processing and filter bank theory. Application of wavelet theory to signal denoising, image and video compression, multi-tone digital communication, transient detection.

Speech Processing

Speech production and acoustic phonetics, speech perception. Speech analysis: time and frequency domain techniques for pitch and format estimation, cepstral and LPC analysis. Speech synthesis: articulatory, formant, and LPC synthesis, voice response and text-to-speech systems. Applications: data compression, vecoders, speech enhancement, speech recognition, speaker recognition, aids for the speech and hearing impairments.

H V D C Transmission

Need for HVDC, AC vs DC: Comparative advantages. Converters and their characteristics. Control of the converters (CC and CEA) Parallel and series operation of converters. Equivalence of a dc system in an ac system. TANA and NA Digital simulation, per unit systems. Faults and protective systems, etc.

Switchgear Principles

Switchgear installation and criteria for selection. Circuit breaker ratings, principles of a-c circuit breaking. RRRV and recovery voltage and their control. Current chopping. Switching of capacitive currents. Kilometric faults. Resistance switching. D-C circuit interruption. Principle of fusegear. Salient features and characteristics of different arc interrupting media - air, oil, air-blast, SF6 , and vacuum. The electric arc and circuit breaker. Establishing an arc, discharge characteristic of arc, long arc, short arc, energy transfer between electric field and the arc column, energy transfer out of the column. Theories of arc interruption - restriking voltage and energy - balance theories and their applications.

R & D Project

R & D Project

x

Seminar

Research Seminar in Electrical Engg

This course will consist of seminars on current research topics in Electrical Engineering presented mainly by students under the guidance of a group of faculty. There will be three weekly meetings of one hour each. It is intended that more than one parallel seminar course run under the same title. The courses would be co-ordinated by a single faculty member.

II Stage Project

Delta Sigma Data Converters and their Applications

DAC: introduction and example of a DS DAC design flow. Incremental Delta Sigma (IDS) converters: need for IDS converters, sensor applications associated with IDS, IDS vs DS modulators, design of IDS converters. Applications/Case studies: one case study each on delta sigma converters for audio, biomedical and RF applications, one case study on incremental delta sigma based temperature sensor readout.

Quantum Communications and Networking

Schrdingers Equation, Spin, Qubits, Entanglement, Decoherence, Fidelity, Measurement, Quantum Gates and Circuits, Bell Pairs, Bells Inequality, Linear Algebra and Quantum Mechanics, Quantum Computation and Quantum Algorithms, Quantum Teleportation, Entanglement Swapping, Quantum Networks, Errors in Quantum Networks, Purification and Error Correction, Quantum Key Distribution, Quantum Repeaters, Quantum Channels, Optical Encoding of Quantum Information, Leader Election, Quantum Secret Sharing, Byzantine Agreement, Entangled States as Reference Frames, Distributed Clock Synchronization, Physical Entanglement, Link-Layer Protocols, Quantum Error Correction Based Repeaters, Quantum Repeater Networks, Resource Management and Multiplexing in Quantum Networks, Routing in Quantum Networks, Interconnecting and Interfacing Quantum Networks, Quantum Recursive Network Architecture, Protocols for the Quantum Internet, Quantum Information Theory, Quantum Cryptography, Attacks on Quantum Cryptography, Cloud Quantum Computing, Security of the Quantum Internet, Economics of the Quantum Internet, Quantum Services and Applications

RF Communication Engineering

Introduction to Rf circuits: History, Applications, Frequency Range, Generations of cell phone radio, Analog vs Digital Systems, IC technologies, Linearity - Memoryless vs with Memory systems, Time variance vs time invariance, Harmonics, Gain Compression, Intermodulation, Impact on Tx and Rx chains, Nyquist signaling, OFDM, Memory Polynomials, MOSFET example of nonlinearity, Noise - Statistical ensembles, Autocorrelation, PSD, Thermal Noise, Noise in resistors, Input referred noise, MOSFET examples of noise, Noise Figure, Optimum source impedance, Noise Figure circles, 1/f Noise, shot noise, Sensitivity, Dynamic Range, SFDR. Mobile RF communication - Cellular Concept, Fading, FD/TD, FDMA/TDMA/CDMA, Walsh Coding, Frequency Hopping SS, Modulation - AM/FM, circuits for modulation/demodulation, ASK/FSK/PSK, basis functions, Constellation diagram, Matched filters/Correlators for optimal detection, Coherent vs Noncoherent detection, Carrier synchronization for coherent detection, SNR vs BER, M-ary Modulation/Demodulation, MSK, GMSK, Raised Cosine filtering, Power efficient vs spectrally efficient modulation, Heterodyne Receivers - Importance of nonlinearities, Selectivity vs sensitivity in receivers, the concept of image frequency, choosing IF, the problem of Half IF, Homodyne receivers - Comparison with Heterodyne receivers, Quadrature mixing, I/Q mismatch, Effect of IIP2, Effect of 1/f noise, Image Reject mixers - Concept of complex Fourier Transform, Hartley, Weaver architecture, Digital IF Receivers - Nyquist Rate ADC-based receivers, sampling and sub-sampling receivers, Effect of ADC noise on sensitivity, Transmitters - Homodyne, Heterodyne transmitters, Injection Pulling in Tx, RF receiver circuits - Low Noise Amplifier, LNA performance metrics, Stability, Gain circles, NF circles, Stability Circles, Absolute stability vs potential instability, CS, CE LNA, Cascode LNA, Noise cancelling LNA, N Path filtering LNA, Mixers, Concept of mixing/multiplying signals, Mixer performance metrics, SSB vs DSB NF, Unbalanced, Single Balanced and Double Balanced mixers, Mixer Linearity, Mixer Noise, RF Transmitter Circuits - Power Amplifier performance metrics, Class A - F-1 amplifiers, concept of efficiency of PA, techniques to improve efficiency, impact of harmonics on efficiency, Source side and Load side load Space, Gain circles, Load Pull Analysis, PA linearization using Analog/Digital techniques, Oscillator and PLL - Barkhausen and Kurokawa conditions for oscillation, Oscillator stability, Startup and Nyquist test, Performance metrics, Phase noise, Effect of Phase Noise on Rx and Tx, Phase noise models - linear non linear perturbation, Oscillator topologies, VCO, Injection locking, PLL components - PFD, charge pump, Type 1 and Type 2 PLL, Effect of Phase noise on PLL noise, Brief Introduction to Integer N and Fractional N PLL. The RF transmitter circuits, oscillator and PLL Lectures will be supplemented by discussions on the research done in these circuits at IIT Bombay.

Principles of Digital Communication

* Components of a digital communication system, Complex baseband representation, Linear modulation, Spectral occupancy of linearly modulated signals * Review of Gaussian random variables and processes, Basics of hypothesis testing, Signal space concepts, Optimal reception in additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN), Performance analysis of ML receivers for common modulation schemes, Elements of link budget analysis * Basics of parameter estimation, Parameter estimation for synchronization, Noncoherent communication, Performance of noncoherent communication * Channel equalization, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) as transmit equalization, Maximum likelihood sequence estimation (MLSE) and Viterbi algorithm, Performance analysis of MLSE, Linear equalization, Decision feedback equalization * Channel coding, Convolutional and Turbo codes, Coded modulation * Other topics: may include Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless systems, practical communication system implementations, software defined radios (SDRs)

Power Electronic Converter Hardware Design

Module 1: Theoretical Fundamentals of MOSFET and Switching Half-Bridge (4 Lectures) - Review of MOSFET operation, parasitic components, hard- and soft-switched half-bridge operation, switching loss mechanisms, diode reverse recovery, first-order ZVS and dead-time estimation. Module 2: Understanding MOSFET Datasheet and Packages (6 Lectures) - Interpretation of datasheet parameters (static, dynamic, thermal, SOA), capacitance nonlinearity, gate charge and switching loss estimation, cross-talk due to Miller effect, and overview of discrete, chip-scale, Kelvin- source, module, IPM packages. Module 3: Impact of Parasitic Inductances and Mitigation (5 Lectures) - Origin and modeling of parasitic inductances (package, layout, busbar), impact on overshoot and ringing, crosstalk mechanisms, experimental extraction, and mitigation using gate resistance, snubbers, clamps, component selection, high-frequency layout fundamentals (loop minimization and flux cancellation). Module 4: Gate Driver Design (5 Lectures) - Low-side and high-side driver circuits (bootstrap, DC restorer, isolator- based), CMTI considerations, driver IC selection, gate resistance design, power supply generation, and advanced features such as Miller clamp and short-circuit protection. Module 5: Sensing in Power Converters (4 Lectures) - Current sensing (shunt, CVR, toroidal, Hall-effect), voltage sensing techniques, isolation methods, signal conditioning, ADC interfacing, filtering, and layout considerations. Module 6: Capacitors in Power Electronics (3 Lectures) - Capacitor technologies (electrolytic, film, ceramic), ESR/ESL effects, impedance modeling, ripple current rating, lifetime estimation, DC-link and decoupling capacitor design criteria. Module 7: Testing and Measurement Considerations (3 Lectures) - Double Pulse Test design, switching loss measurement accuracy, probe selection, bandwidth requirements, probe parasitics, differential and isolated measurement techniques for WBG devices. Module 8: Thermal Management (5 Lectures) - Heat transfer fundamentals (conduction, convection, radiation), thermal resistance modeling, heat flow in packages, natural convection heat sink design, forced air cooling concepts. Module 9: PCB Layouts for Power Converters (3 Lectures) - Reference layout analysis for through-hole devices (e.g., TO- 247), chip-scale and GaN devices, and SiC module packages,

Advanced Driver Assistance Systems

1. Introduction to ADAS i. Overview of ADAS functions and applications ii. SAE-defined vehicle autonomy levels: Classification of ADAS from level 1 to level 4 of vehicle autonomy, i.e., from assistive driving to full automation. iii. Intelligent transportation systems: ADAS for enhancing collective driving and addressing traffic congestion. 2. Longitudinal Vehicle Dynamics i. Aerodynamic drag force and rolling resistance ii. Drivetrain and transmission dynamics iii. Engine torque control for desired acceleration iv. Combined lower-level transmission dynamic model using feedback-linearization. 3. Lateral Vehicle Dynamics i. Kinematic model of lateral motion ii. Bicycle model of vehicle dynamics iii. Error dynamic model iv. Lateral dynamic model in terms of yaw rate and slip angle v. Model translation from body-fixed to global coordinate 4. Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) Systems i. Conventional cruise control system: velocity control design and stability ii. Vehicle following specifications for ACC iii. Reference spacing policies for controller design: constant spacing, constant-time gap, and other nonlinear spacing functions. iv. Individual vehicle stability analysis of ACC systems. 5. Platooning Control Systems i. Introduction to vehicle platooning ii. Background on norms of signals and systems iii. String stability concepts iv. String stability analysis under different spacing policies v. Cooperative adaptive cruise control (CACC) systems vi. Role of vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication on stability 6. Car-following Models i. Optimal Velocity Model (OVM) and extensions ii. Intelligent Driver Model (IDM): widely used in academia and industry iii. String stability of the car-following models 7. Antilock Braking Systems (ABS) i. ABS functions and importance in safety ii. Deceleration threshold-based algorithm iii. Other logic-based ABS control systems 8. Lane Keeping Systems i. State feedback control for lane keeping ii. Steady-state error analysis iii. Steady-state cornering iv. Unity feedback loop system v. Loop analysis with a P-controller and a lead compensator vi. Closed-loop performance analysis 9. Electronic Stability Control (ESC) i. Functioning of ESC system ii. Differential braking strategies iii. Controller design for steer-by-wire systems iv. Independent all-wheel drive torque distribution 10. Tire Dynamics and Modelling i. Longitudinal and lateral tire forces ii. Approximation of tire model for small slip angle iii. Empirical tire models: Pacejka`s and Dugoff`s tire models. iv. Dynamic tire models and limitations

Introduction to MEMS

Historical Background: Silicon Pressure sensors, Micromachining, MicroElectroMechanical Systems. Microfabrication and Micromachining : Integrated Circuit Processes, Bulk Micromachining : Isotropic Etching and Anisotropic Etching, Wafer Bonding, High Aspect-Ratio Processes (LIGA) Physical Microsensors: Classification of physical sensors, Integrated, Intelligent, or Smart sensors, Sensor Principles and Examples: Thermal sensors, Electrical Sensors, Mechanical Sensors, Chemical and Biosensors. Microactuators: Electromagnetic and Thermal microactuation, Mechanical design of microactuators, Microactuator examples, microvalves, micropumps, micromotors Microactuator systems : Success Stories, Ink-Jet printer heads, Micro-mirror TV Projector. Surface Micromaching : One or two sacrificial layer processes, Surface micromachining requirements, Polysilicon surface micromachining, Other compatible materials, Silicon Dioxide, Silicon, Micromotors, Gear trains, Mechanisms. Application Areas: All- mechanical miniature devices, 3-D electromagnetic actuators and sensors, RF/Electronics devices, Optical/Photonic devices, Mecical devices e.g DNA chip, micro-arrays. Lab/Design: (two groups will work on one of the following design project as a part of the course) RF/Electronics device/system, Optical/Photonic device/system, Medical device e.g. DNA-chip, micro-arrays.

Computer Vision

Imaging model and geometry, scene radiance and image irradiance, reluctance model of a surface, Lambertian and specular reflectance, photometric stereo. Ill-posedness of vision problems, regularization theory. Shape from shading, structured light and texture. Optical flow, passive navigation and recursive motion analysis. Stereo vision and correspondence problem. MRF approach to early vision problems (shape from shading, matching, stereo and motion), Image texture analysis. Integrated vision, sensor fusion introduction to image understanding.

Digital Message Transmission

Examples of analog pulse and digital transmission systems. Roll of probability theory and stochastic processes. Review of probability theory and stochastic processes. Performance analysis of analog and pulse modulation systems. Principles of detection theory. Binary and m-ary hypothesis testing. Byes likelihood ratio test. Performance analysis of digital communication systems. Spectrum of digital signals. Spectral efficiency of digital communication systems. Nyquist pulse shaping. Correlative coding schemes. Equalization techniques. Synchronization techniques. Carrier, bit and frame synchronization schemes.

Artificial Neural Network

Biological memory mechanisms. Neural basis for human memory. Neuron models. The classification problem. Linear Classifiers. Training learning and generalization. Perception convergence theorem. Ho-Kashyap algorithm. Multilayer feed forward networks. Number of hidden nodes and VC-dimension. Kolmogorov"s theorem on representation of functions of several variables. The back propagation algorithms. Other algorithms. Applications. Hopfield network. Generalized convergence theorem. Computational power and capacity. Applications. Cellular neural networks. Stability. Convergence and computational power. Applications. Kohonen"s algorithm for self organizing networks. Convergence proof. Applications. Grossberg"s algorithm. Adaptive resonance theory (ART) for binary and analog input patterns. Simulated Annealing and Boltzmann machines. Principles of statistical neuro dynamics. Deductive theory of learning. Valiant"s model. Learnability and VC-dimension.

V L S I Design Lab

Lectures : Introduction to logic, timing and circuit simulation. Circuit design with FPGAS and PALS, issues in high speed circuit design. Experiments : Design of a complex digital circuit (eg. an ALU or a multiplier) using high level hardware description languages, logic simulation and timing simulation. Extraction of critical paths and circuit simulation of critical path sub-circuits. Circuit partitioning and realisation using FPGAS or PALS. Design of an analog circuit (eg. a filter) using circuit simulation. Setting up macromodels for subcircuits (eg. for OPAMS). Construction and performance verification for the circuit. Simulation of transmission line effects in a circuit layout. Project type experiments using a variety of techniques learnt in the course for realising circuit modules.

Communication Networks

ntroduction to computer communication networks and layered architecture overview. Packet switching and Fast packet switching. Point to Point Protocols and links: ARQ retransmission strategies. Selective repeat ARQ. Framing and standard Data Link Control protocol-HDLC, SDLC, LAPD. Queuing models in communication networks. Multiaccess Communication and multiple access protocols: ALOHA, slotted ALOHA, CSMA, CSMD/CD. Performance modelling and analysis. Local Area Networks: Ethernet, Token Ring and FDDI. Design and analysis. Internetworking issues: Bridges, Routers and Switched networks. Routing and Flow Control algorithms in data networks. Broadband Networks: ATM, Frame relay and Gigabit Ethernet. Traffic Management in ATM networks.

Information Theory & Coding

Mutual information, entropy for discrete ensembles; Shannon`s noiseless coding theorem; Encoding of discrete sources. Markov sources; Shannon`s noisy coding theorem and converse for discrete channels; Calculation of channel capacity and bounds for discrete channels; Application to continuous channels.Techniques of coding and decoding; Huffman codes and uniquely detectable codes; Cyclic codes, convolutional arithmetic codes.

Testing and Verification of VLSI Circuits

Scope of testing and verification in VLSI design process. Issues in test and verification of complex chips, embedded cores and SOCs. Fundamentals of VLSI testing. Fault models. Automatic test pattern generation. Design for testability. Scan design. Test interface and and boundary scan. System testing and test for SOCs. Iddq testing. Delay fault testing. BIST for testing of logic and memories. Test automation.Design verification techniques based on simulation, analytical and formal approaches. Functional verification. Timing verification. Formal verification. Basics of equivalence checking and model checking. Hardware emulation.

Large Sparse Matrix Computations

Embedded Systems Design

TIVA-C: periphery interfacing, assembly programming, interfacing with network processor (b) Zynq-7000: hardware accelerators

Circuit Simulation in Power Electronics

Formulation of network equations : Nodal, Mesh, Modified Nodal and Sparse Tableau Analysis, Sparse matrix techniques, solution of nonlinear equations by Newton_Raphson method, Multistep methods : Convergence and stability, special classes of multistep methods, Adaptation of multi-step methods to the solution of electrical networks, general-purpose circuit simulators, Introduction to machine modeling : induction, DC, and synchronous machines, Simulation of three-phase converters: fundamentals of switching behaviour, space vector representation, modulation methods. Interaction between power electronic converters and rotating machines. Power electronic converters in power distribution systems, DC to DC converters.

Behavioral Theory of Systems

Behavioral models of dynamical systems motivated from problems of electrical circuits, electromechanical and hybrid systems, heat conduction etc. Behavioral modeling from time series. Controllability, observability and trimness. Characterization of dissipative and lossless systems. Conservation principles. Generalized Lyapunov Stability theory. Theory of interconnections, decompositions and control.

Advances in Communications Systems

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Mixed-Signal VLSI Design

Sampling theory and discrete-time signals Switch design and switched capacitor circuits Comparators Basics of data converters Nyquist rate ADC`s: Parallel (single-step converters), algorithmic (multi-step converters) and pipelines ADC`s Architectures and design of Nyquist rate ADC`s Nyquist rate DACS`s Architectures and design of Nyquist rate DAC`s High resolution data converters, Integrated power management units (LDO and bulk Converter), Selected topics in mixed-signal VLSI circuits.

An Introduction to Number Theory and Cryptography

SOME TOPICS IN ELEMENTARY NUMBER THEORY: Time estimates for doing arithmetic. Divisibility and the Euclidean algorithm. Congruences. Some applications to factoring.

Hardware Description

Basic concepts of hardware description languages. Hierarchy, Concurrency,Logic and Delay modeling. Structural, Data-flow and Behavioural styles of hardware description. Architecture of event driven simulators. Syntax and Semantics of VHDL. Variable and signal types, arrays and attributes. Operators, expressions and signal assignments. Entities, architecture specification and configurations. Component instantiation. Concurrent and sequential constructs. Use of Procedures and functions, Examples of design using VHDL. Syntax and Semantics of Verilog. Variable types, arrays and tables. Operators, expressions and signal assignments. Modules, nets and registers, Concurrent and sequential constructs. Tasks and functions, Examples of design using Verilog. Synthesis of logic from hardware description.

Restructured Power Systems

OPF: Role in vertically integrated systems and in restructured markets, Congestion Management, Optimal Bidding, Risk assessment and Hedging, Transmission Pricing and Tracing of power, Ancillary Services, Standard Market Design, Distributed Generation in restructured markets, Developments in India, IT applications in restructured markets, Working of restructured power systems : PJM

Physics of Nanoelectronic Devices - I

1. Particles and waves, the time-independent Schrdinger equation, states and operators, particle-in-a-box, density-of-states, harmonic oscillator, hydrogen atom, tunneling, two-level systems 2. Electrons in a crystal lattice, quantum well, wire and dot devices, interacting quantum wells, scanning probe microscopy, excitons in semiconductors, spin-1/2 systems and quantum bits 3. Identical particles fermions and bosons, field quantization: phonons and photons 4. Classical and quantum density, entropy and information, statistical ensembles, Bose-Einstein and Fermi-Dirac statistics applications to electronic devices 5. Non-equilibrium statistical mechanics transition probabilities, the master equation, the Boltzmann Transport Equation for electrons in solids 6. Perturbation theory, scattering rates and lifetimes in electronic devices 7. Phonon scattering in semiconductors, absorption and emission of photons in semiconductors: lasers and solar cells.

Nanoelectronics

Shrink-down approaches: Introduction, CMOS Scaling, The nanoscale MOSFET, Finfets, Vertical MOSFETs, limits to scaling, system integration limits (interconnect issues etc.), Resonant Tunneling Transistors, Single electron transistors, new storage, optoelectronic, and spintronics devices. Atoms-up approaches: Molecular electronics involving single molecules as electronic devices, transport in molecular structures, molecular systems as alternatives to conventional electronics, molecular interconnects; Carbon nanotube electronics, bandstructure & transport, devices, applications.

Computational Electromagnetics

Introduction to electromagnetic fields: review of vector analysis, electric and magnetic potentials, boundary conditions, Maxwell`s equations, diffusion equation, Poynting vector, wave equation Finite Difference Method (FDM): Finite Difference schemes, treatment of irregular boundaries, accuracy and stability of FD solutions, Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method Finite Element Method (FEM): overview of FEM, Variational and Galerkin Methods, shape functions, lower and higher order elements, vector elements, 2D and 3D finite elements, efficient finite element computations Method of Moments (MOM): integral formulation, Green`s functions and numerical integration, other integral methods: boundary element method, charge simulation method Special topics: hybrid methods, coupled circuit - field computations, electromagnetic - thermal and electromagnetic - structural coupled computations, solution of equations Applications: low frequency and high frequency electrical devices, static / time-harmonic / transient problems in transformers, rotating machines, waveguides, antennas, scatterers

Physics of Nanoscale Devices - II

Drude`s theory of metals, Crystal lattices, Electronic structure: energy bands in solids, Bloch`s theorem, band structure calculations based on plane wave method and tight binding method, Wannier functions, band structure of graphene, graphene nano-ribbons, GaAs, Si. Spin-orbit coupling, Hartree-Fock method, semi-classical electron dynamics, Boltzmann transport equation and connection to drift-diffusion equations, Lattice vibrations, Optical properties, Kubo formula, Introduction to mesoscopic electron transport, second quantization formulation, quantum ferromagnet, magnons, phonons, magnetic resonance (classical and quantum), single and two qubit gates, quantum LC resonators, Josephson junctions, SQUID (superconducting quantum interference device). Hands on with Quantum devices: 1) Measurement of Aharnov-Bohm effect in a low temperature cryostat. 2) Characterization of high Tc SQUID magneto-meter: Measuremen

Growth and Characterization of Nano-electronic Materials

A selection of topics from the following: Basic Growth Concepts: growth modes; crystallization phenomena; defects . Fundamentals and analysis of epitaxy: liquid phase epitaxy; molecular beam epitaxy; Chemical vapor deposition; LPCVD examples (SiO2, Si3N4, Poly-Si, Silicon epitaxy); MOCVD, examples: dielectrics, epitaxy of III-V; PECVD; ALD. Material Systems and Structures: GaAs and InP based materials : AlGaAs, GaInAs and InGaAsP; substrates, material purity, doping, ordering; heterostructures, interfaces; strained layer growth, critical thickness; Group III nitrides: AlGaInN and InGaAsN; Device structures : Detectors, Lasers, HEMTs. Characterization of Nanoelectronic Materials: Photoluminescence; X-Ray diffraction; Transmission Electron Microscopy;Deep Level Transient spectroscopy; Atomic Force Microscopy; Secondary Electron Microscopy

Design and Analysis of Experiments Using Taguchi Method

1. Fundamentals of classical statistical methods: Normal Probability distribution; Statistical analysis of Means and Variance; Evolution of Taguchi Methods. 2. Fundamentals of Taguchi Methods: Basic philosophy of Taguchi loss function and robust design; 8-steps in Taguchi Method; P-diagrams of Static and Dynamic problems; Definitions of signal, noise and control factors; Degrees of freedom; Linear graphs and orthogonal arrays and their designs; Definitions of Signal to Noise ratio; Evaluation of sensitivity to noise; Resolution of design; Analysis of Means, Means Plots and Analysis of Variance; Prediction of optimum conditions; Prediction of error variance. 3. Design of Experiments for Robust Design: Identification of signal, noise and control variables; Identification and selection interactions; Control factors and their levels; Strategies for experimentation using Taguchi methods, beginner, intermediate and advanced strategies; Selection of design of orthogonal array, Modification of orthogonal arrays and linear graphs; Performing matrix experiments; Methods of analyzing experimental data; Interpretation of results. 4. Application Examples: Application of design of experiments for circuit design for temperature insensitivity, robust design of sensors with reduced cross-sensitivities, designing robust processes: machining and cutting tool wear analysis, surface quality optimization, metallurgical structure optimization; packaging related wire and die bonding optimization; Application of design of experiments for optimizing product performance and process yield.

Combinatorial Optimization I

Brief Overview of Linear and Nonlinear Programming, Kuhn-Fourier Elimination Scheme, Farkas Lemma, Constrained Optimization through Lagrange multipliers for equation and inequality based systems, Karush-Kuhn-Tucker Theorem, Strong Duality Theorem of Linear Programming. Network Flows. Max-flow Mincut Theorem, Algorithms for maximizing flows, min cost flow Problem and its electrical equivalent, Menger`s Theorems. Graph Optimization Problems. Maximum spanning tree, matching and covering, shortest path problem, graph colouring problems. Introduction to Matroids. Axioms for matroids, The greedy algorithm and the related characterization of matroids. Submodular functions as a unifier and as a powerful tool for applied problems. Principal Partition and Principal Lattice of Partitions of submodular functions.

Solid State Devices

1. Electrons in solids; Band theory 2. Charge carriers in semiconductors 3. Boltzmann Transport Equation 4. p-n junctions, Schottky and MIS contacts 5. Field-effect transistors 6. Bipolar transistors 7. Optoelectronic and photovoltaic devices

Advanced Probability and Random Processes for Engineers

Probability spaces, random variables, expectation, uniform integrability, independence, stochastic convergence, limit theorems, conditioning, Markov chains, martingales, Brownian motion, Poisson process, examples from electrical engineering.

Microelectronics Simulations Lab

1. Familiarization with TCAD software; semiconductor process simulation 302226 CMOS structure design; semiconductor device simulation 302226 CMOS inverter design; device parameter extraction for circuit-simulation (lecture and lab sessions)2. Familiarization with compact models and transistor-level circuit simulation (lecture and lab sessions).3. Familiarization with a typical custom IC design flow using open source design tools (lecture and lab sessions). Schematic capture, circuit simulation, layout design, design rules, layout extraction and post-layout simulation circuit design software. Analog and digital functional modules will be used as test benches for lab experiments. CMOS technology will be the main focus of the lab and available devices in this technology including MOS transistors, passive components and BJTs will be explored and used. At the time of this proposal NGSPICE and MAGIC are two examples of open source CAD tools which will be explored in this course. However instructors will introduce any useful new free academic EDA tool which may be developed in the future.

Introduction to Stochastic Optimization

Review of probability theory; Stochastic approximation algorithms: stability and convergence, asynchronous implementations, two time scale schemes, examples from electrical engineering; Markov chain Monte Carlo: variance reduction, simulated annealing; Markov decision processes: stochastic dynamic programming, computational schemes, state and parameter estimation, control under partial observations, adaptive control, learning algorithms

Processor Design

CISC Processor Design: Defining microprocessor, hardware flowchart, implementing from flowchart, exception, control store, microcode design. RISC Processor Design: Building datapath and controller, single cycle implementation, multi cycle implementation, pipelined implementation, exception and hazards handling. (Example: DLX Processor) Superscalar Processors Design: Superscalar organization, superscalar pipeline overview, VLSI implementation of dynamic pipelines, register renaming, reservation station, re-ordering buffers, branch predictor, and dynamic instruction scheduler etc.; simultaneous multi-threading (SMT) design. (Example: Open SPARC T1) Memory System Design. Application specific instruction set processor (ASIP) design. Dynamic reconfigurable processors (DRP). Impact of physical technology, trends in power consumption, low power techniques, low voltage techniques, clock distribution. Verification and test challenges.

Advanced Data Network

Overview of Internet-Concepts, challenges and history. Overview of high speed networks-ATM. TCP/IP Congestion and Flow Control in Internet-Throughput analysis of TCP congestion control. TCP for high bandwidth delay networks. Fairness issues in TCP. Real Time Communications over Internet. Adaptive applications. Latency and throughput issues. Integrated Services Model (intServ). Resource reservation in Internet. RSVP. Characterization of Traffic by Linearly Bounded arrival Processes (LBAP). Concept of (o,, p) regulator. Leaky bucket algorithm and its properties. Packet Scheduling Algorithms-requirements and choices. Scheduling guaranteed service connections. GPS, WFQ and Rate proportional algorithms. High speed scheduler design. Theory of Latency Rate servers and delay bounds in packet switched networks for LBAP traffic. Active Queue Management - RED, WRED and Virtual clock. Control theoretic analysis of active queue management. IP address lookup-challenges. Packet classification algorithms and Flow Identification- Grid of Tries, Cross producting and controlled prefix expansion algorithms. Admission control in Internet. Concept of Effective bandwidth. Measurement based admission control. Differentiated Services in Internet (DiffServ). DiffServ architecture and framework. IP switching and MPLS-Overview of IP over ATM and its evolution to IP switching. MPLS architecture and framework. MPLS Protocols. Traffic engineering issues in MPLS. [P control of Optical Routers. Lamda Switching, DWDM Networks

Neuromorphic Engineering

Course outline: Introduction to Neuromorphic Engineering; Signalling and operation of Biological neurons, neuron models, signal encoding and statistics; Synapses and plasticity rules, biological neural circuits; Neuromorphic design principles; FETs - device physics and sub-threshold circuits; Analog and digital electronic neuron design; Non-volatile memristive semiconductor devices; Electronic synapse design; Interconnection Networks; Interconnection schemes for large non-spiking and spiking neural networks; Analysis of design, architecture and performance characteristics of demonstrated chips employing Analog neuromorphic VLSI, Digital neuromorphic VLSI, Electronic synapses and other neuromorphic systems.

Simulation of Power System Transients

1.Modelling of linear RLCM Networks: Admittance Matrix/State Variable Formulation. 2.Numerical Solution: Stability and Accuracy. 3.Modeling of Power System Components: a) Multi-conductor Transmission Lines and Cables: Bergeron Model and Frequency Dependent Models. b) Transformers and Electrical Machines; Modelling of Saturation c) Power Electronic Switches; Interpolation Techniques to improve accuracy. d) Control Systems for Power apparatus, including Power Electronic Converters 4.Application of Transient Simulation for the study of faults and protection systems, switching transients and HVDC control. 5.Real-Time Digital Simulation of Power Systems for Hardware-in-Loop testing of controllers.

Advanced Topics in Computer Architecture

Overview Superscalar and VLIW architecture. Limits of instruction level parallelism(ILP). Simultaneous multithreaded (SMT) architecture, Performance enhancement through branch prediction and value prediction, Bulk SMT, Thread level speculation fetch, Multicore architectures, data marshaling for mult-icore architecture, power constrained CMPs, heterogeneous core design, Core Fusion, Transactional memories. Performance evaluation of complex microarchitectures. On-chip interconnects (Network -On-Chip). Architectural vulnerabilities and reliable architectures. Patchable design. Secure architectures. Energy efficient architectures. Power management. Cache design, energy efficient cache partitioning, fast thread migration, thread throatling.

Decentralized Control of Complex Systems

Theory: Graphs and Matrices, properties of the Laplacian matrix and relation with graph connectivity. Non-negative matrices. Graphs and Dynamic Systems, Input and Output Reachability, Structural Controllability and Observability, Distributed Feedback Structures, Connective Stability and Stabilization, Vector Lyapunov Functions, Distributed Suboptimal and Optimal Control, Decentralized Observers and Feedback, Output Feedback Applications: a) Control of Smart Grids: Frequency Regulation with variable resources, Charging Control for Plug-in electric Vehicle, Wide Area Damping Control b) Cooperative Control of Multi-agent systems: Connectivity, Coordination and Consensus algorithms: Formation Control, Flocking, rendezvous. Adversarial interactions, Task assignment and routing

Digital Signal Processing - System Design and Implementation

The course is intended to first provide some exposure to the topics listed below, in the theory component. Concurrently, in the laboratory component, actual practice and realization of the concepts studied, would be emphasized. The laboratory component is intended to be a significant and important part of this course. In fact, the theory component is mainly planned to support and strengthen the laboratory experience. 1. An introduction to Digital Signal Processors and the associated interface hardware and software systems. 2. Basic exercises in programming Digital Signal Processors. 3. The Joint systems algorithms architectures perspective as a holistic approach in Signal Processing applications. 4. Comparative studies between general purpose microprocessors/ computing devices and specialized application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) and digital signal processors. 5. Study and implementation of Analog to Digital Conversion, sampling and reconstruction. 6. Study and implementation of simple Discrete Time Systems. 7. Study and implementation of Finite Impulse Response Filters. 8. Study and implementation of Infinite Impulse Response Filters. 9. Fast Fourier Transforms and Spectral Estimation Algorithms, Implementation. 10. Realization and implementation of computationally efficient Digital Signal Processing structures like the lattice structure, ladder structure. 11. Digital Signal Processing application areas in wireless and mobile communication, multimedia technology and communication, control systems, power electronics and power systems, measurement and instrumentation. 12. Architectures and algorithms in vogue, pertaining to these application areas general principles and case studies. 13. A comprehensive design and development effort pertaining to the study and implementation of one or two such advanced applications on an available Digital Signal Processor platform.

Nanomagetism and Spintronics

Introduction to spin, quantum mechanics of spin, spin-orbit interaction, spins and magnetism in confined structures, spin relaxation, passive spintronic devices: spin valve, magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJ), spin transfer torque based MTJ, micromagnetics, Magnetic RAM (MRAM) technology, active spintronic devices: spin transistors, advanced topics: spin currents, magneto-optic effects, spin caloritronic devices, spin-Hall devices, all spin logic and spin based quantum computing

High Power Converters and their Utility Applications

High Power Electronic Converters: High-Power Semiconductor Devices, Multi- Pulse Converters, Multilevel Cascaded H-Bridge Converters, Multilevel Diode-Clamped Inverter, Modular Multilevel Converter, Other Multilevel Voltage Source Converters, Current Source Inverters, Pulse width modulation techniques (SPWM, hysteresis, SVM), Harmonic Reduction Techniques. Transmission Applications: Reactive Compensation for Power Flow Control, Shunt Compensation, Series Compensation, Phase Angle Regulators, Combined Series/Shunt Compensators, Control and Harmonic Interactions, Enhancing Stability, Large Scale Storage with Power Electronic Interface. Distribution Applications: Power and Voltage Quality, Load Balancing using passive elements, Instantaneous PQ theory, Stationary frame (αβ-frame), and synchronous frame (dq-frame) representations of three-phase VSC systems, Open-loop and Closed-loop control of Power Converters, Distribution Shunt Compensation, Distribution Series Compensation, Unified Power Quality Conditioner, Static Transfer Switches and Solid State Circuit Breakers, Hybrid Circuit Breakers, Fault Current Limiters, Active Filters.

Quantum Transport in Nanoscale Devices

Part I: Theory of quantum transport Bottom up view point, Landauer approach, connection with diffusive transport. Examples of equilibrium calculations: concept of band structure, quantum wells, nanowires, carbon nanotubes, graphene, electrostatics, quantum capacitance Non-equilibrium transport: elastic resistor model re-visited from quantum transport perspective, introducing contacts to the Schroedinger equation, Greens function theory, self-energy, Non-equilibrium Greens function (NEGF) formalism Application of the NEGF formalism to concrete examples: a) molecular electronics, b) nanowire transport, c) resonant tunnelling diodes Non-coherent transport: Electron phonon interaction, Part II Examples of Quantum transport: Nanotransistors, Thermoelectric transport, energy conversion efficiency, low dimensional thermoelectrics Energy, entropy and heat currents, connection with second law, quantum thermodynamics. Part III Advanced Topics: Strongly correlated transport, Second Quantization, Formal derivation of NEGF equations, qubit and quantum computation concepts, examples using quantum dots, Information theoretic description of transport, Maxwells demon, fundamental limits of computation, smart contacts, spin caloritronics, and exploratory paradigms, future overlook.

Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells: Theory and Practice

Module 1: Theory: Brief review of semiconductor device physics - band structure - carrier concentrations - carrier generation and recombination - effective lifetime and surface recombination velocity - carrier transport - optical absorption and reflection. Practice: (i) measurement of sheet resistance of a silicon wafer - determination of the type of wafer - estimation of the mobility and diffusion coefficient of the majority carriers (ii) measurement of carrier lifetime and surface recombination velocity (iii) measurement of reflectivity of a polished silicon surface. Module 2: Theory: p-n junction diodes - derivation of dark IV characteristics including surface recombination - illuminated IV characteristics - contacts - series resistance in solar cells - shunts in solar cells. Practice: Simulation of dark and illuminated IV characteristics of pn junction diodes using PC1D - analysis of fermi levels, potential, electric field and carrier distributions, generation and recombination rates within the diode - simulation of illuminated characteristics using measured reflectance data - leakage currents - impact of various parameters like carrier lifetime, surface recombination, and semiconductor thickness on carrier distributions, recombination currents and dark and illuminated IV of the diode, impact of the above on solar cell performance parameters (Isc, Voc, FF, efficiency). Module 3: Theory: wet clean and etch processes - Diffusion in silicon - plasma etching - thin film growth and deposition (oxidation, PECVD, ALD, evaporation), screen printing process - laser processes for silicon solar cell fabrication Practice: Texturization of silicon surface using KOH, measurement of reflectance, observation of the surface using optical microscope and assessment of pyramid size and distribution, review of device simulation using the measured reflectance data - Phosphorous diffusion using POCl3, design of diffusion process - experiment, sheet resistance measurements - edge isolation process using plasma etching, characterization of edge isolation - PECVD nitride deposition, ellipsometry to determine thickness, reflectance measurements, lifetime measurements - review of simulation using experimentally measured data - screen printing and firing, measurement of linewidths using optical microscope, measurement of bus bar sheet resistance, contact resistance measurements using TLM techniques as applied on solar cell - review of simulations. Module 4: Theory: Design and analysis of solar cells - minimization of optical losses - minimization of recombination losses - quantum efficiency measurements - loss analysis of solar cells Practice: Design and analysis of solar cells using Al-BSF technology, use experimentally determined parameters from previous section to design cells, PC1D and other software like PV light house can be used - fabrication of solar cells with Al-BSF - measurement of solar cell characteristics - discussion of IEC60904, simulation of spectrum as a function of environmental conditions - analysis of dark and illuminated IV - quantum efficiency measurements - analysis of losses in the solar cell - review of simulations.

Internet Economics

Basic networking technologies, regulatory issues, and the economic ecosystem of communication service providers. Basic microeconomic principles and regulatory structures. Pricing of communication services and usage models in the different competition models. Interconnection between networks, network formation games, paid peering and peering games. Economics of network neutrality, sponsored content, zero-rating services and its social and regulatory issues. Simultaneous ascending price auctions for spectrum sale: mechanism design, bidder strategies and case studies.

Applied Mathematical Analysis in Engineering

Sets and numbers. Limits: sequences, convergence, Cauchy sequences, limit points, limsup, liminf, subsequences. Convergence of inifnite series. Applications. Normed spaces, completeness, Banach space. Inner-product spaces, Hilbert space. Applications. Continuous functions: continuity, left/right continuity, uniform continuity, intermediate value theorem. Applications. Fundamentals of topological spaces, compactness, connectedness. Topological groups. Applications. Differentiation. Inverse function theorem. Applications. Integration: Riemann integration. Lebesgue measure, Lebesgue integration. Applications. Function spaces, convergence of functions. Applications.

Advanced Network Analysis

Network topology: Matrices associated with graphs, the short circuit and open circuit operations, their generalization through the use of ideal transformers and vector space operations corresponding to these operations. Theorems of Tellegen and Minty: Formal equivalence, areas of applications. The Implicit Duality Theorem and its applications: Multiport decomposition, ideal transformer resulting from the connection of ideal transformers, adjoint networks and systems, networks with decomposition methods based on altering network topology, ideal diode, ideal transformer, resistor circuits and their relation to Linear and Quadratic Programming.

Advanced Concentration Inequalities

1. Basics Chernoff, Hoeffding, Efron-Stein inequalities 2. Martingale Inequalities Doobs martingale, bounded difference and bounded variance methods (Azuma-Hoeffding, McDiarmids inequalities) 3. Isoperimetric inequality - Talagrands inequality for Hamming distance 9. 4. Logarithmic Sobolev Inequality 5. Markov Chains on Graphs Reversible Discrete-Time Markov Chains, Eigenvalues and conductance 6. Rumours and Epidemics First passage percolation

Science of Information, Statistics, and Learning

+ Information Theory basics: Bayes302222 theorem, Random Variables, Independenceand Conditioning, Shannon entropy, Relative entropy, Mutual Information,Markov chains, Sanov302222s theorem.+ Statistics: Linear regression, statistical model, Exponential families,sampling, Monte Carlo, inference, Maximum Likelihood Estimation, Maximum aposteriori, Bayesian Inference.+ Inference: MaxENT algorithm, relation between Bayesian and MaxENTmethods, Statistical Mechanics, Ising models, graphical models,Hammersley-Clifford theorem, EM algorithm, belief propagation.+ Learning: Introduction to neural networks, the single neuron as aclassifier, capacity of a single neuron, learning as inference, Hopfieldnetworks, Boltzmann machines, Supervised learning in multilayered networks,Gaussian processes, Deconvolution.+ Application to Chemical Reaction Networks: Introduction to chemicalreaction networks, Mass-action kinetics, Chemical Master Equation, Birch302222stheorem, Connection to exponential families, the MLE algorithm usingreaction networks, current topics in molecular intelligence.===

Wireless & Mobile Communication

Introduction to mobile communication. Cellular mobile telephone architecture overview. Cellular radio system design-- Frequency assignments, frequency reuse channels. Concept of cell splitting. Handover in cellular systems. Handoff algorithms. Multiple access schemes in mobile communications--TDMA, FDMA, CDMA. Random Multiple Access Schemes. Performance analysis issues. MAC layer scheduling and connection admission in mobile communication. Interference suppression and Power control. Teletraffic modelling and Queeuing theoretic analysis of cellular mobile networks. Resource allocation and mobility management. Practical Cellular mobile systems-- AMPS and GSM system architecture overview. Call management and system operation. CDMA based cellular system. Wireless in Local Loop--DECT and CDMA WLL.

Reliability and Failure Analysis of Electronic Devices

Course Content (List of the topics/sub-topics to be covered in the lectures/practicals/assignments): 1. Background and Introduction: Definitions of reliability, failure modes, mechanisms, cost of warranty returns, motivation for improving product reliability in the era of Planned Obsolescence. 2. Introduction to mathematical methods for reliability: Failure rates, Normal distribution function, Six Sigma, Exponential, Weibull and Lognormal distributions for reliability modeling. Manufacturing yields. 3. Accelerated testing: Types of accelerated tests, Designing accelerated tests for typical stressors experienced in field, Acceleration factors, Arrhenius, Eyring and modified Coffin-Manson models. 4. Introduction to semiconductor device packaging: Materials and processes used for semiconductor device packaging, stresses induced because of packaging. 5. Physics of failure based models for : Mass transport-induced failures (electromiration and stress voiding), Electronic charge-induced failures (Dielectric breakdown, Hot carrier effects, Electrical over-stress and Electrostatic discharge), Environmental damage (moisture ingress, corrosion, radiation damage), Degradation of interconnects (solder creep and fatigue). 6. Failure Analysis techniques: Non-destructive techniques I-V trace, Infrared, X-ray and Electroluminescence imagining, Destructive techniques- chemical / thermal / mechanical decapsulation of electronic devices for die-level failure analysis, materials analysis techniques FTIR, EDX. 7. Special topics: Design for reliability, degradation in photovoltaic (PV) modules, systems reliability,

Random Graphs : Theory and Applications

Erdos-Renyl Graphs, basic structural properties, emergence of giant connected component and full connectivity, applicationsRandom Geometric Graphs, structural and connectivity properties, applications.Scale-free and small-world networks, generative models and properties, applicationsRandom processes on graphs, such as random walks, epidemic spread, and opinion dynamics.

Photonics System Engineering

1. Optical excitation a. Lasers (principle, classification, choosing the laser based on application) b. LEDs 2. Photonic devices a. chip-scale waveguides (light confinement, mode, design, Comsol simulation) b. passive devices (filter, coupler, splitter, interferometer) c. devices based on frequency conversion d. modulators e. alternative optical devices atoms, quantum dots, color defects 3. Light harvesting Photodetectors (principle, applications)

Introduction to Machine Learning

Introduction to machine learning: What is learning, learning objectives, data needed. Bayesian inference and learning: Inference, nave Bayes. Basic objective of learning: Assumption of nearness and contiguity in input spaces, accuracy, Bayesian risk and casting of learning as Bayesian inference, Risk matrix, Other cost measures Other issues in learning: Generalization and model complexity, Accuracy, Empirical risk and training, validation, and testing, Model complexity, Structural risk, Number of free parameters vs. VC dimension, Bias-variance tradeoff, Curse of dimensionality, Training sample size requirement, Convergence and training time, Memory requirement, Introduction to online/incremental learning Objective functions for classification, regression, and ranking Some supervised learning formulations: Linear regression and LMS algorithm, Perceptron and logistic regression, Cybenkos theorem for nonlinear function estimation, MLP and backpropagation, introduction to momentum and quasi-Newton, L1-norm penalty and sparsity, SVM, support vector regression, decision trees Kernelization of linear problems: RBF, increase in dimensionality through simple kernels, kernel definition and Mercers theorem, Kernelized SVM and SVR, Other applications of kernelization, matching a kernel to a problem Role of randomization and model combination: Committees and random forests, boosting cascade of classifiers Some unsupervised learning machines: Clustering criteria, K-means, Fuzzy C-means, DB-scan, PDF estimation, Parzen window, EM-algorithm for mixture of Gaussians Optional topics: Manifold learning, Kernel-PCA, semi-supervised learning, introduction to generative and probabilistic graphical models

Design and Evaluation of Photovoltaic Power Plants

III: Smart, Fast Response Utility Scale Power Plants Challenges in case of high PV penetration due to traditional approach to utility scale PV power plants. Controllers and techniques for developing smart utility scale power plants Economics of smart utility scale power plants.

Recent Topics in Analytical Signal Processing

The topics will be subject to revision every five to ten years. The current topics will include a subset from the following list: compressed sensing, finite rate of innovation signals and their sampling methods, graph signal processing and its applications, phase retrieval problems, distributed sampling problems, machine learning for signal processing, role of quantization and other nonlinearities in signal processing systems, signal approximation methods

Computational Techniques in Electrical Engineering

Important concepts in scientific computing such as profiling and timing, parallelisation, floating pointarithmetic, complex numbers, machine epsilon.9.Solution of non-linear equations with Newton-Raphson method, numerical solution of ODEs using explicitand implicit methods, some circuit simulation examples, numerical solution of Poisson`s equation, someexamples of optimisation methods.Solving linear systems of equations, singular value decomposition, condition number, and rank of a matrix.Public-domain software tools such as Python, Octave, Maxima, useful libraries for numerical work such as BLAS and LAPACK, and their use with respect to the topics listed above.

Network Security

Different Types of Attacks on Networks, Principles of Cryptography: Symmetric Key Cryptography, Public Key Cryptography, Message Integrity, Cryptographic Hash Functions, Authentication, Digital Signatures, Certificates, Public Key Infrastructure, Securing Email, Transport-Layer Security, Network-Layer Security and Virtual Private Networks, Firewalls and Intrusion Detection Systems, Security in Wireless Local Area Networks, Security in Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks, Distribution of Trust, Secure Routing in Ad Hoc Networks, Broadcast Authentication Protocols, Wormhole Attacks in Wireless Networks, Physical-Layer Security in Wireless Networks, Security of the Internet of Things, Cryptocurrencies, Onion Routing, Security Games, System-Level Security

Advanced Topics in Signal Processing

1. Spectral Estimation * Non-parametric methods * Parametric methods: Line spectrum, ARMA process * Array signal processing, beamforming * CRLBs and related mathematics 2. Optimum filters: Weiner Filtering 3. Adaptive filters: Recursive LS filters 4. Kalman filter 5. Splines and sampling in shift-invariant spaces, curve fitting, and denoising 6. Introduction to compressive sensing: Identifiability, spark, OMP, ISTA 7. Sub-Nyquist Sampling: FRI, multiband signals, and applications 8. Filter banks and multi-rate systems 9. Two-dimensional signals, Fourier transform, sampling 10. Model-based machine learning

Terahertz : Technology & Applications

Basic THz Terminologies. Physical Principles of THz Interaction with Matter. Electromagnetic Waves in Matter. THz Radiation and Elementary Excitations. Laser Basics. THz Detectors and Sources. Ultrafast Optics. THz Emitters and Detectors based on Photoconductive Antennas. Optical Rectification. Free-space Electro-optic Sampling. Ultrabroadband Terahertz Pulses. Terahertz Radiation from Electron Accelerators. Novel Techniques for Generating Terahertz Pulses. Continuous-Wave Terahertz Sources and Detectors. Photomixing. Difference Frequency Generation and Parametric Amplification. Far-Infrared Gas Lasers. P-Type Germanium Lasers. Frequency Multiplication of Microwaves. Quantum Cascade Lasers. Backward Wave Oscillators. Free-Electron Lasers. Thermal Detectors: Bolometers, Pyroelectric Detectors, Golay Cells. Heterodyne Receivers. Terahertz Optics.Dielectric Properties of Solids in the Terahertz Region. Materials for Terahertz Optics. Optical Components. Terahertz Waveguides. Artificial Materials at Terahertz Frequencies. Terahertz Phonon-Polaritons Imaging with Broadband THz Pulses. Imaging with Continuous-Wave THz Radiation. Millimeter-Wave Imaging for Security. Medical Applications of T-Ray Imaging. Concealed Objects Real-Time Imaging for Security. Compact wireless technologies. Terahertz ultrafast wireless communications. Short distance ultra-broadband communication. THz communication for space applications. Hz Energy Harvesting - Rectification concept and technological challenges. Design and development of nano-rectennas. Fabrication and measurement techniques

Integrated Circuit Design for Sensor Systems

OTA: differential and common-mode frequency re- sponse, noise analysis, CMRR, ICMR, flicker noise and offset reduction, settling-time. Capacitvely- coupled chopper IA, input impedance boosting with positive feedback loop. DC-Servo loops, dynamic element matching,

Advanced Topics in Machine Learning

Penalized and generalized linear models: Logistic regression, L1 and L2 penalization, elastic net, SCAD penalty, application to high dimensional low sample size problems. Intro to neural networks: Artificial neuron, single hidden layer, multiple hidden layer, back propagation, momentum, loss functions, relation with support vector machines and penalized logistic regression. Convolutional neural networks: Convolutional layers, pooling layers, drop out, VGGnet, inception modules, residual networks, deconv nets, applications to object recognition. Why deep learning works: Role of depth, closeness of local minima to global minimal, predominance of saddle points and ridges vs. local minima. Recurrent neural networks and LSTMs: lateral connections, LSTM units, gated recurrent networks, applications to NLP. Probabilistic Graphical Models: Factor graphs and belief networks, Deep belief networks and Boltzmann machines, sampling methods including Gibbs sampling, contrastive divergence, generative adversarial networks.

Advanced Semiconductor Devices Lab

The course will be offered as various modules, with at least one device per module included in the syllabus, based on availability of resources. Each module will run for an average duration of 3 weeks. Every module will be offered primarily as a lab component, with supplementary lecture classes for conveying information on principle of operation of the device and overview of fabrication process flow, as necessary. The emphasis in the labs will be on device fabrication and characterization. The following modules will be covered in this course: (i) MOS devices: MOS capacitors, long channel MOSFETs (ii) Diodes: solar cell (large area p-n junction), Schottky and ohmic metal-semiconductor contacts (iii) MEMS and microfluidics: SAW transducers and filters, micro-heaters, microfluidic channels (iv) Organic semiconductors: Organic LEDs and photodetectors

2D Materials and Devices

1. Fundamental properties of 2D materials: Chemical bonding, crystal structure, electronic band structure doping, defects, anisotropy 2. Growth and material characterization of 2D materials: Physical and chemical growth/synthesis (exfoliation, CVD, hydrothermal etc.), Material characterization (Raman/XPS/TEM/STM etc.) 3. Electronic transport in devices with 2D material channels: Boltzmann transport, Impurity and phonon scattering, mobility, contact resistance 4. Optical properties of 2D materials: Interband and intraband transitions, tunability, excitonic and plasmonic effects 5. Electronic devices based on 2D materials: Transistors (DC/RF), diodes, hall/gated hall bars, TLMs 6. Optoelectronic devices using 2D materials: Photodetectors, modulators, LEDs, photovoltaic devices 7. van der Waals heterostructures: Tunnel diodes and FETs, p-n heterostructures 8. Other 2D materials and their properties- silicene, germanene, stanene, etc. 9. Other applications of 2D materials-based devices - sensors, spintronics, valleytronics, flexible electronics

Electromagnetic Interference and Compatibility

BASIC THEORY: Intra and inter system EMI, Elements of Interference: Conducted and Radiated EMI emission and susceptibility, EMC Engineering Application.

Developments, Trends and Economic Frontiers in EE

What is and why electrical engineering? History of electrical engineering and its activities. Undergrad/postgrad curriculum and mapping of various electrical engineering disciplines. Preparing oneself for a future in electrical engineering. Mature technologies in electrical engineering. Discussions on Moores law and other exponential growth laws related to electrical engineering. Key lessons for the future. Innovation and technology. Research as a tool, discipline, and roadmap towards innovation. Research methodology. Research opportunities in India and the world. Wealth generation with innovation. Role of innovation in societal development. Innovation in thecontext of India. Roadmap to technical innovation. Intellectual Property. Patents. Reading of patents. Identification of core technologies for entrepreneurship. Hype cycles. The Gartner hype cycle. Upcoming technology trends and their overview. Review of the state of the art from electrical engineering perspective in the hype cycles. Startups, incubators, and accelerators. Entrepreneurship. Planning a technology startup. Essential components of a business plan. Case studies in developments, opportunities, and innovation in electrical engineering

Topological Electronics

III: Advanced topics: The Bogoliubov-deGennes formalism for superconductors, the Kitaev chain and topological superconductivity, Majorana Fermions and topological quantum computing, device realizations of Majorana braiding

Advanced CMOS Logic and Flash Memory Devices

Basics of MOSFET operation (Mechanisms for Drain, Substrate and Gate current) Conventional and non-conventional MOSFET scaling - innovations in materials for gate stack, channel and junctions, and architecture, processes for FinFETs and Gate All Around Nanosheet FETs Introduction to Flash memory NOR/NAND architecture, Floating Gate/Charge Trap, Mirror Bit Basics of Flash memory operation: Program, Erase, Program/Read Disturbs, Retention Innovations in Flash Memory scaling, 2D and 3D NAND, Floating Gate and Charge Trap Flash Reliability of logic and memory devices (theory, measurements and modeling) BTI, HCD, TDDB in logic, P/E cycling, Data retention, Disturbs in memory

Algorithmic Design of Digital Systems

VHDL: optimizations on the virtual circuit. Going to

Solar Photovoltaics: Photons to Farms

Module 1: Introduction: Need and Prospects of PV Module 2: Basics of solar energy conversion: Basic optoelectronic properties of materials Fundamental limits: single junction, multi-junction, Tandem Device configurations for efficient collection of photo-generated carriers: PN (c-Si), PIN (Organic,perovskite), Carrier-selective, Tandem Module 3: From cell to Module Equivalent circuits,Small area to large area device Large area Device to Module: Series vs. parallel connection, Bifacial modules Module in practical conditions, degradation mechanisms, predictive modeling Module 4: System Level concerns Grid connected PV, LCOE (panel vs. Balance of systems), Power systems aspects, Variability, Storage, Solar Farms.

Power Electronic Converters for Renewable Energy

Introduction to renewable sources: world energy scenario, Wind, solar, hydro, geothermal, availability and power extraction. Introduction to solar energy: Photovoltaic effect, basics of power generation, P-V & I-V characteristics, effect of insolation, temperature, diurnal variation, shading; Modules, connections, ratings; Power extraction (MPP), tracking and MPPT schemes; standalone systems, grid interface, storage, AC-DC loads. Power converters for solar: Micro converter, DC-DC buck/boost/buck-boost /flyback /forward/cuk, bidirectional converters; Inverters: 1ph, 3ph inverters with & w/o xmer, Heric, H6, Multilevel Neutral point clamp, Modular multilevel, CSI; Control schemes: unipolar, bipolar, PLL and synchronization, power balancing / bypass, Parallel power processing; Grid connection issues: leakage current, Islanding, harmonics, active/reactive power feeding, unbalance. Intro to wind energy: P-V, I-V characteristic, wind power system: turbine-generator-inverter, mechanical control, ratings; Power extraction (MPP) and MPPT schemes. Generators for wind: DC generator with DC to AC converters; Induction generator with & w/o converter; Synchronous generator with back to back controlled/ uncontrolled converter; Doubly fed induction generator with rotor side converter topologies; permanent magnet based generators. Battery: Types, charging discharging. Introduction to AC and DC microgrids. viii

Communication Skills -II

The course will have the following modules as outlined below. 1.Ethics in Scientific Communications-Copyrights and Patents. What constitutes plagiarism, copying and inventing experimental data. Professional respect for others. Safety, Energy/paper conservation. 2.Review of Scientific Literature- Planning the literature search, how to search database, use of library, how to share research papers, organizing the literature papers and creating an annotated bibliography. 3.Thesis and Paper Review- Reading a paper, Reviewing others` papers, writing a review of paper, Making use of reviewer`s suggestion, Case studies. 4.Thesis and Seminar Report, Paper Writing- Case studies of good theses and papers, planning the thesis and seminar report, styles for thesis, styles for headings of chapters, sections etc. Organizing chapters and sections. Referencing others` work. Organizing the abstract, conclusions and highlights. Bibliography. 5.Presentation- Seminar and Defense presentation, good practices, case study of good and bad presentations. Slides- composition, styles, type size and color, spacing, presentation of tables and figures, flow of presentation. Timing the presentation, Coordinating the slides and speech, stage fear and eye contacts. Listening to questions of audience and clarity in answering. 6.Laboratory Record keeping- Record of work done, analysis, comments, thoughts, etc 7.Tools- Latex, bibtex, Word, Powerpoint, beamer, xfig, Gnuplot, Matlab etc. Some practical hands-on sessions will be conducted. 8.Guest lectures on Corporate Communications, Placement Interviews etc

Topics in Cryptology

1.Classical ciphers and their modern versions. Cryptanalysis of classical ciphers. 2. Shannons theorem and perfect secrecy. Trapdoor one way functions for encryption, message authentication, public key encryption schemes, key exchange and signatures. Various applications to problems in practical world. Ideal secrecy and its application. Security of one-way- ness of functions. 3. Pseudorandom sequences. Generation, testing and applications. 4. Structures in Block and Stream ciphers, Hash functions. Design of ciphers for practical use. Using modern ciphers securely. 5. Theory of Boolean systems of equations and solutions: Boolean elimination theory, Implicant based parallel all solution solver, orthogonal systems, applications to finite state dynamical systems. 6. Cryptanalysis of block and stream ciphers by Boolean approach. Symbolic Boolean computation in SAGE. 7. Approaches for parallel computation of factorization. Symbolic computation approach to number theory computations. Application to discrete log over finite fields and elliptic curves. 8. Realization of schemes for end to end encryption, authenticated encryption, encryption dependent on error correction, simultaneous coding and encryption, variation of ciphers.

Microsystems: Analysis and Design

Module 1: Fabrication Introduction to IC fabrication, bulk and surface micromachining, scaling in micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) Module 2: Beam analysis Analysis of MEMS structural design: Hookes law, beam theory, cantilever analysis, plate theory, spring (folded flexure) design, matrix analysis Module 3: Electrostatics Capacitive transduction, electrical equivalent circuit, pull-in instability, variable gap and comb-drive transducer, capacitive sensing configurations, displacement and velocity sensing, AC modulated sensing, square wave excitation, switched capacitor circuits Module 4: Practical aspects I Resonator dynamics (damping, dynamic vs static elasticity, nonlinearity, noise) Module 5: Practical aspects II Resonator testing (test configurations, de-embedding in capacitive transduction, RF MEMS testing), piezoelectric transduction, other transducers Module 6: Applications Inertial sensors, bulk acoustic resonators and applications, pressure sensors and microphones Course project: The course project may focus on one or more of following aspects: Process technology; Electro-mechanical design/analysis; Transducer system design/analysis; Modeling strategies; Application of MEMS devices

I Stage Project

I Stage Project

x

II Stage Project

Advanced Antennas

This course deals with advanced antenna and propagation channel concepts for multipleantenna-based and millimeter-wave-based communications. With the commercial launch of the Fifth Generation of Mobile Radio Networks (5G) in 2020, antenna engineers need more than ever to be aware of physical layer strategies that are currently considered to reach the expected performance. With techniques such as MIMO and millimeter-wave communications, new challenges arise and antenna engineers cannot afford anymore to be only expert in electromagnetics, but do also require skills regarding propagation channel, digital modulations, and coding aspects. New communications schemes use advanced signal processing and coding techniques in order to exploit as much as possible the propagation channel to maximize some metrics such as the capacity. The antenna being a part of the channel, its properties influence the overall performance, and knowledge of physical layer features is therefore of utmost importance in the antenna design. This course addresses important theoretical concepts in the field of antennas and propagation in the context of 5G communications. The first unit of the course introduces physical layer aspects that have to be considered while designing antenna solutions. The second unit tackles MIMO aspects and how antenna performance should be specifically assessed accordingly. The third unit illustrates some specific issues related to vehicular and ehealth applications. The fourth unit introduces the challenges faced while using millimeterwaves for communications. This unit IV also addresses in detail two advanced antenna technologies, namely, leaky-wave antennas and Substrate-Integrated-Waveguide-based antennas. It is to be noted that theoretical concept in this course are not limited to 5G communications and are therefore useful to any antenna engineer.

High Speed Interconnects: Signaling and Synchronization

I.Transmission linesa) Lossless/lossy transmission lines.b) S-parameters, impedance matching.c) Pulse propagation in transmission lines.d) Even mode, odd mode (coupled/differential transmission lines).II. Clocking in serial linksa) Asynchronous vs. synchronous links (serial links with low transfer rates).b) Plesiochronous vs. Mesochronous systems.c) Overview of high-speed serializers and deserializers.III. Eye diagrams and BER estimation (based on eye quality factor).IV. Phase-locked loops (PLLs) and delay locked loops (DLLs)a) Building blocks.b) Loop analysis.c) A brief overview of non-idealities in the PLLs/DLLs.d) Jitter and phase noise (and relationship between them).e) Jitter transfer functions in DLLs and PLLs.f) BER estimation based on jitter.V. Clock and data recovery (CDR) / deserializersa) Phase detectors (linear/non-linear, full-rate/n th -rate etc.) and some examples.b) Basic circuit level blocks: Latches, flip-flops, XOR gates, muxes etc. in Current Mode Logic(CML).c) Circuit level bandwidth enhancement techniques.d) Tunable delays using tunable delay cells and phase interpolators.e) Voltage controlled oscillators (VCOs).f) Multi-phase clock generation.g) CDR architecturesVI. Equalization and equalizersa) Channel model and inter-symbol-interference (ISI).b) Pre-cursor and post-cursor ISI.c) Analog domain equalizersi.CTLE (continuous time linear equalizers).ii.FFE (feed-forward equalizers).iii.Non-linear equalizers (decision-feedback equalizers).d) Equalization in the digital domain.e) Equalizer training and blind equalization techniques.f) Eye monitor circuits for equalizers.VII. Transmitters and serializersa) Block diagram of a serializer.b) LVDS (low-voltage differential signaling) and impedance matching.c) Pre-emphasis (FIR) equalization for transmitters.VIII.IX.Other topicsa) Achieving higher-speeds using m-PAM signaling.b) Line coding with examples (such as 8b-10b, 64b-66b).c) Multi-lane serial links and current trends.Introduction to high-speed optical interconnectsa) Building blocks used in optical interconnects (such as lasers, modulators, detectors)b) Impairments in the optical fiber channel.c) Signaling techniques used in high-speed optical interconnects (coherent vs. directmodulation & detection).

Integrated Photonics

* Module 1: Electromagnetic Foundations and Guided-Wave Optics: Review of Maxwell`s equations and wave propagation in dielectric media and interfaces, Planar and channel optical waveguides, Single-mode and multimode waveguide design principles, Effective index method, Rib/ridge waveguides, Waveguide dispersion and confinement, Waveguide bends and radiation loss. * Module 2: Coupled Mode Theory and Bragg Structures: Modal coupling in integrated waveguides, Coupled Mode Theory (co- and contra-directional coupling), Directional coupling in waveguides, Diffraction Grating in waveguides, Distributed Bragg Reflectors (DBR), Sub-wavelength engineered gratings, Resonant and periodic structures. * Module 3: Integrated Passive Photonic Components: Power splitting and coupling-Directional couplers (DC), Multi-Mode Interference (MMI) couplers. Mach-Zehnder Interferometers (MZI), Microring Resonators (MRR) and quality factor, Arrayed Waveguide grating (AWG), Optical filters and delay lines. * Module 4: Active Photonic Devices: Thermo-optic and electro-optic effects, Integrated phase shifters, High-speed optical modulators (carrier plasma effect, Pockels effect), Electro-optic Mach-Zehnder modulators, Integrated light sources: Heterogeneous integration of III-V materials, Integrated photodetectors: PIN and APD structures, Performance parameters * Module 5: Coupling and Packaging in Integrated Photonics: Fiber-to-waveguide coupling, Vertical grating couplers, Edge coupling, Adiabatic mode-size converters, Alignment tolerances and packaging considerations, Electrical interfaces and RF considerations. * Module 6: Material Platforms and Fabrication Technologies, Reconfigurable and Programmable Architectures, Optical Nonlinearity in Integrated Photonics and Applications of Photonic Integrated Circuits

Communication Skills

Context of communication: Recognizing our capability androles as professionalsScientific Method: Question and answer aspects oftechnical communication; Scientific Methodology and itsrelationship to technical communication;Surveying literature: Categories; reading and organizingscientific literature; search engines and tools.Listening and Note taking: 5-R method and mind-mapping.Technical writing: Report organization; Journal selection;Introduction, conclusion, and abstract writing.Speaking & Presentation skills: Organization ofpresentation slides (number, content, and formatting); Oralpresentations; Audience/context dependent practices; Nonverbal aspects: body language, eye-contact, personalappearance, facing large audience.Elevator pitch: Pitches for technical audience and policymakersWorkplace communication: Sensitivity towards genderand diversity; Email communication and netiquettes.Ethics in academic communication: Intellectual Property,copyrights and plagiarism; Authorship; Data ethics; Biasesand balanced criticism of literature;Suggested additional topics relevant to disciplines: Datarepresentation, Group discussion and interviews; accessiblescientific writing, report writing using LaTeX, Proofreading, etc.

Pillars of Digital and Analog IC Design

The course aims at establishing the foundation for digital and analog integrated circuits (IC) design using 2D and 3D CMOS devices. * Part I - The course starts with the behavioral understanding of the semiconductor devices pertaining to mainstream and near-future technologies. * Part II - The 2nd part of the course will focus on the core fundamental circuits and usage of the devices to analyze anddesign the core logic and analog circuits compatible with the principles to be known for the IC design. * All the core circuits will be covered with practical examples. The assignments in the course are designed to help participants to analyze the key fundamental blocks of the digital and analog integrated circuits as well as acquire base key skills for the design from target specifications to the layout necessary for any IC designer.

Semiconductor Devices

Elements of semiconductor physics - including energy bands, carrier statistics, carrier transport and electrostatics. Basics of semiconductor device fabrication. Working principles of diodes (including solar cells, and LEDs), and transistors (bipolar and field-effect, e.g. MOSFET). Elements of device models for circuit design.

Analog IC Design in Practice

Part I - The first part of the course will cover the area of analog IC design with scopes covering the design of transconductance amplifiers, two-stage amplifiers, cascode structures, current sources, band-gap references, and low-dropout regulators. Concepts required to design from the control systems aspect will be detailed with examples. Assignments and course projects will provide the design hands-on experience. Part II - Precision Analog IC Design Precision analog circuits are essential blocks for a variety of sensor interface circuits. The motivation behind the design of precision circuits from the offset, noise, and interference point-of-view will be covered. Concepts on trade-offs associated with offset, area, noise, power and gain error (precision) will be studied along with the top-level fab line-test-cost structure. Techniques like chopping, auto-zeroing, capacitively coupled instrumentation amplifiers and their design tradeoffs along with layout considerations will be explored. Assignments and course projects will help students perform system level modelling to post-layout verification of a precision analog front-end circuit design.

GaN Devices and GaN MMIC

Advantages of wide-bandgap semiconductors for high performance transistors, properties of GaN along with AlN and InN. Properties of heterostructures, heterostructure band-diagram at equilibrium and under-bias, basic high electron mobility transistors (HEMT) physics, operations, and applications. Effect of device geometry of device characteristics, DC, RF and Power characteristics of GaN based HEMTs, basic process flow for GaN HEMT fabrication, characterization, and modeling, advanced device architectures using other ternary and quaternary alloys, and back-barriers. Basic construction of monolithic microwave integrated circuits, design and characteristics of RF passive components, design, fabrication, and characterizations of GaN-based MMICs, various architectures of power amplifiers.

High-Resolution Data Converters

Challenges associated with high-resolution data converters using Nyquist rate converters will be evaluated. Concepts on oversampling and its effect on the data converter circuit and the associated tradeoffs will be studied. Tradeoffs associated with process mismatch/ offset, area, and power, in the design of data converters and the concept of noise-shaping will be introduced. The use of noise-shaping in realising high-resolution analog to digital converters for audio, biomedical and RF applications will be modelled and simulated as part of assignments. Design of high-resolution digital-to-analog converters (DAC) using noise-shaping concepts and the advantages associated with a thermometer, segmented DAC and dynamic element matching will be detailed. Through the course project, students will be able to design a high-resolution ADC/DAC starting from system-level modelling to schematic simulations with mismatch.

Mixed-Signal IC Design in Practice

Part I - Main Nyquist-rate Data Converter Architectures - With the increased demand for single-chip analog and digital signal processing, and design at nano-scale technologies design of data converters with various combinations of resolution, area, energy and speed requirements are a required expertise for many IC design engineers in the industry. In this course, Nyquist-rate ADC and DAC designs spanning key architectures and trade-offs associated with the conversion rate, offset, resolution, area and power aspects will be taught and studied in the presence of practical technology constraints including PVT variations. The design of core blocks such as comparators and the characterization of them through simulations will also be performed. Additionally, the design of discrete-time circuits including switched capacitor filters will be studied. Part II - On-chip Custom Power Management - The Charge pump circuits, on-chip DC-DC converters, Digital LDOs, Modular power management design, Control Circuit Synthesis

RF IC Design for Wireless Communications

This course will aim to establish a foundation for IC design of wireless communication transceivers using modern CMOS processes. The course will familiarise students with foundational concepts of traditional RF/microwave design as well as the design and architecture of various transceiver building blocks and sub-systems. Part I (Fundamentals and RF Building blocks) - This part of the course will introduce basic concepts to bridge the gap between analog design, electromagnetics, and RF IC design. Topics covered will include review of active MOS devices, transmission-line theory and resonantcircuits, review of scattering parameters, impedance transformations and Smith Chart, review of noise, linearity and other impairment metrics, review of two-port theory and amplifier stability, and introduction to different transceiver architectures. This will be followed by the design of key building blocks for RF systems starting with the design of integrated inductors and transformers, low-noise amplifiers (LNA), mixers, oscillators, and a general introduction to power amplifiers and frequency synthesis using PLLs. Part II (mm-wave IC design) - This part of the course will build on the concepts developed in Part I and cover the fundamentals of multi-antenna transceiver design commonly employed at mm-wave frequencies. Fundamentals of phased-arrays will be covered, followed by discussions on integrated mm-wave circuit blocks like phase-shifters/vector-modulators, quadrature hybrids, coupled-resonators, variable-gain amplifiers, and couplers/power-dividers. Additionally, relevant examples of state-of-the-art mm-wave transceivers will be discussed. Students will be assigned a multi-stage design project, featuring a study of system requirements and translation to circuit design specifications, followed by hand-analysis/behavioral-modeling, and finally, transistor-level circuit design and characterization using industry-standard RF-CAD tools.

SerDes IC and System Design

In this course, fundamentals of high-speed chip-to-chip communication, including on-chip and system level design and analysis techniques will be taught. The course will also cover various multi-die packaging techniques with new off-chip interconnect technologies. The course will then focus on high speed system design, clocking methodologies in serial links, SerDes IC design, transmission line and channel effects, cross-talk, noise, phase-noise and jitter, power and signal integrity considerations. The topics include an in depth discussion on phase-locked loops (loop), delay-locked loops (DLL), clock data recovery, half duplex and full duplex interconnects. Electronic packaging, multi-chip packaging, wire bonding, chip to board connections, multi-die packaging and their modeling will form other portion of the course.

Test and Verification of Digital Integrated Circuits

This course will cover the aspects of challenges and complexities associated with testing and verification of digital integrated circuits in the context of RTL to GDS flow and post-fabrication test. The course will introduce functional, timing, physical and electrical verification concepts at various stages of the design cycle. Verification principles including equivalence checking, property checking, formal property, assertion and simulation-based verification along with scoreboards for code coverage, and functional coverage will be addressed. Background on SAT solvers and SAT-based ATPG generation for post-fabrication tests and developing the stuck-at-fault models. Generation of ATPG patterns and additional on-chip hardware for test infrastructure such as scan chain and general DFT concepts from an SoC point of view will be explored.

Semiconductor Devices

Elements of semiconductor physics - including energy bands, carrier statistics, carrier transport and electrostatics. Basics of semiconductor device fabrication. Working principles of diodes (including solar cells, and LEDs), and transistors (bipolar and field-effect, e.g. MOSFET). Elements of device models for circuit design.

Pillars of Digital and Analog IC Design

EO course offered by Department of Electrical Engineering

Digital IC Design

The design of a digital integrated circuit encompasses the need for multiple front-end and back-end models for standard-cells, I/O cells and memory IPs. This course will cover the development of standard cell libraries including the functional, timing and physical models required for the RTL-to-GDS design flow. Students will be able to design a standard cell library and perform cell characterization for sequential and combination blocks through assignments, exposing them to the front-end flow. Concepts on synthesis, floorplanning, placement, routing and verification will be covered. The designed standard cell library will be used in an open-source RTL-to-GDS design flow to design a custom design IP by the students thereby providing exposure to the physical back-end flow. Physical verification concepts like LVS, DRC and antenna checks will also be covered.

GaN Devices and GaN MMIC

Advantages of wide-bandgap semiconductors for high performance transistors, properties of GaN along with AlN and InN. Properties of heterostructures, heterostructure band-diagram at equilibrium and under-bias, basic high electron mobility transistors (HEMT) physics, operations, and applications. Effect of device geometry of device characteristics, DC, RF and Power characteristics of GaN based HEMTs, basic process flow for GaN HEMT fabrication, characterization, and modeling, advanced device architectures using other ternary and quaternary alloys, and back-barriers. Basic construction of monolithic microwave integrated circuits, design and characteristics of RF passive components, design, fabrication, and characterizations of GaN-based MMICs, various architectures of power amplifiers.

Mixed-Signal IC Design in Practice

Part I - Main Nyquist-rate Data Converter Architectures - With the increased demand for single-chip analog and digital signal processing, and design at nano-scale technologies design of data converters with various combinations of resolution, area, energy and speed requirements are a required expertise for many IC design engineers in the industry. In this course, Nyquist-rate ADC and DAC designs spanning key architectures and trade-offs associated with the conversion rate, offset, resolution, area and power aspects will be taught and studied in the presence of practical technology constraints including PVT variations. The design of core blocks such as comparators and the characterization of them through simulations will also be performed. Additionally, the design of discrete-time circuits including switched capacitor filters will be studied. Part II - On-chip Custom Power Management - The Charge pump circuits, on-chip DC-DC converters, Digital LDOs, Modular power management design, Control Circuit Synthesis

RF IC Design for Wireless Communications

This course will aim to establish a foundation for IC design of wireless communication transceivers using modern CMOS processes. The course will familiarise students with foundational concepts of traditional RF/microwave design as well as the design and architecture of various transceiver building blocks and sub-systems. Part I (Fundamentals and RF Building blocks) - This part of the course will introduce basic concepts to bridge the gap between analog design, electromagnetics, and RF IC design. Topics covered will include review of active MOS devices, transmission-line theory and resonantcircuits, review of scattering parameters, impedance transformations and Smith Chart, review of noise, linearity and other impairment metrics, review of two-port theory and amplifier stability, and introduction to different transceiver architectures. This will be followed by the design of key building blocks for RF systems starting with the design of integrated inductors and transformers, low-noise amplifiers (LNA), mixers, oscillators, and a general introduction to power amplifiers and frequency synthesis using PLLs. Part II (mm-wave IC design) - This part of the course will build on the concepts developed in Part I and cover the fundamentals of multi-antenna transceiver design commonly employed at mm-wave frequencies. Fundamentals of phased-arrays will be covered, followed by discussions on integrated mm-wave circuit blocks like phase-shifters/vector-modulators, quadrature hybrids, coupled-resonators, variable-gain amplifiers, and couplers/power-dividers. Additionally, relevant examples of state-of-the-art mm-wave transceivers will be discussed. Students will be assigned a multi-stage design project, featuring a study of system requirements and translation to circuit design specifications, followed by hand-analysis/behavioral-modeling, and finally, transistor-level circuit design and characterization using industry-standard RF-CAD tools.

SerDes IC and System Design

In this course, fundamentals of high-speed chip-to-chip communication, including on-chip and system level design and analysis techniques will be taught. The course will also cover various multi-die packaging techniques with new off-chip interconnect technologies. The course will then focus on high speed system design, clocking methodologies in serial links, SerDes IC design, transmission line and channel effects, cross-talk, noise, phase-noise and jitter, power and signal integrity considerations. The topics include an in depth discussion on phase-locked loops (loop), delay-locked loops (DLL), clock data recovery, half duplex and full duplex interconnects. Electronic packaging, multi-chip packaging, wire bonding, chip to board connections, multi-die packaging and their modeling will form other portion of the course.

Test and Verification of Digital Integrated Circuits

This course will cover the aspects of challenges and complexities associated with testing and verification of digital integrated circuits in the context of RTL to GDS flow and post-fabrication test. The course will introduce functional, timing, physical and electrical verification concepts at various stages of the design cycle. Verification principles including equivalence checking, property checking, formal property, assertion and simulation-based verification along with scoreboards for code coverage, and functional coverage will be addressed. Background on SAT solvers and SAT-based ATPG generation for post-fabrication tests and developing the stuck-at-fault models. Generation of ATPG patterns and additional on-chip hardware for test infrastructure such as scan chain and general DFT concepts from an SoC point of view will be explored.

Introduction to E-Mobility

Module-1&2: Introduction to EV power drive train, different categories of EVs, sub-systems specifications andfunctionalities, ac vs dc power source, brief history of EVs, overview of power switching devices, power electronicstechnologies, motor technologies, control technologies, regenerative braking, power generation for EVs, gridintegration.Module-3: EV charging technologies, charging standards and infrastructure, various kinds of charging requirements,the protocols to communicate with the vehicles, the software infrastructure to build the charging network, and thebusiness of charging network. User app for charging networks

Power Electronic Converters for EV Applications

Basics of power electronics, dc-dc buck, boost, CCM and DCM operation, ripple calculations, voltage sourceinverter, transformers, requirement of isolation, overview of dc motor, principle of operation, equivalent circuit,torque-speed characteristics, basics of induction machine, equivalent circuit. PFC circuit and operation 302226 hysteresiscontrol, isolated dc-dc converters, flyback converter, forward converter, 2-switch forward converter, soft switching,phase shifted full bridge converter, state space modelling, controller design of dc-dc converter, operation of boostconverter under non-ideal condition, gate driver circuits and related protection, magnetics design, capacitor selection.Relation to suitable EV applications.

Electrical Drives for EVs

Methods of DC motor control, field control, stability of variable speed dc drives. Application of BLDC motors for EVs, 3 phase voltage source converter, open loop controller, current controller, regenerative braking, Concept of Space vector, Clark & Park transformation, Field oriented control of PMSM drives for EVs. Field weaking operation for high-speed operation.

EV Power Train Laboratory

This is a laboratory based on computer simulation and hardware experiments in the area of EV drive Train. Some of the experiments are induction motor and BLDC motor torque speed characteristics, BLDC motor controller, battery charge discharge characteristics and EV charger. It can be run in a concentrated fashion utilizing just a few weekends.

Application of Embedded Systems in E-mobility

The overview of embedded systems design. Embedded microcontroller cores, embedded memories. Examples of embedded systems in E-mobility. Technological aspects of embedded systems: interfacing between analog and digital blocks, signal conditioning, digital signal processing. Overview of ARM processors and their selection for E-Mobility embedded system such as ECU application. FPGA and PLA overview. CAN protocol, PLC communication and other protocols related to E-Mobility would be discussed. Software aspects of embedded systems: real time programming languages and operating systems for embedded systems.

Analog IC Design in Practice

Part I - The first part of the course will cover the area of analog IC design with scopes covering the design of transconductance amplifiers, two-stage amplifiers, cascode structures, current sources, band-gap references, and low-dropout regulators. Concepts required to design from the control systems aspect will be detailed with examples. Assignments and course projects will provide the design hands-on experience. Part II - Precision Analog IC Design Precision analog circuits are essential blocks for a variety of sensor interface circuits. The motivation behind the design of precision circuits from the offset, noise, and interference point-of-view will be covered. Concepts on trade-offs associated with offset, area, noise, power and gain error (precision) will be studied along with the top-level fab line-test-cost structure. Techniques like chopping, auto-zeroing, capacitively coupled instrumentation amplifiers and their design tradeoffs along with layout considerations will be explored. Assignments and course projects will help students perform system level modelling to post-layout verification ofa precision analog front-end circuit design.

High-Resolution Data Converters

Challenges associated with high-resolution data converters using Nyquist rate converters will be evaluated. Concepts on oversampling and its effect on the data converter circuit and the associated tradeoffs will be studied. Tradeoffs associated with process mismatch/ offset, area, and power, in the design of data converters and the concept of noise-shaping will be introduced. The use of noise-shaping in realising high-resolution analog to digital converters for audio, biomedical and RF applications will be modelled and simulated as part of assignments. Design of high-resolution digital-to-analog converters (DAC) using noise-shaping concepts and the advantages associated with a thermometer, segmented DAC and dynamic element matching will be detailed. Through the course project, students will be able to design a high-resolution ADC/DAC starting from system-level modelling to schematic simulations with mismatch.

Artificial Intelligence Hardware Architectures

Lecture 1: Introduction to Al, Course objectives, Course Expectations, Grading Lecture 2: Introduction to the building blocks of digital integrated circuits for computing : * Fundamentals of digital electronics * Basic elements and digital building blocks (Diode, Transistor, AND Gate, OR Gate, Flip/Flop) * Building basic electronic functionality such as counter and arithmetic logic unit (ALU) using synthesis tools. Lectures 3 and 4: Introduction to CPU (central processing unit), pre-AI GPU (graphics processing unit) and OS (operating system) (Part 1 and Part 2) : * Explain the fundamentals of pre-AI HW and SW Architecture * Architecture Overview of CPU, pre-AI GPU and OS * Understand the concept of SW-HW virtuous cycle of progress Lecture 5: Introduction to Al Hardware * Overview of Al and its hardware demands, Historical evolution * Key challenges, Real-world applications * Performance metrics, Introduction to benchmarks Lecture 6: Fundamentals of Deep Neural Networks (DNN) (Part 1) * Review of neural network basics, DNN and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) architectures * Inference processes, Training processes (forward/backward propagation, SGD (stochastic gradient decent)) * Number representations for hardware * Computational kernels Lecture 7: Fundamentals of Deep Neural Networks (DNN) (Part 2) * Review of Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN), Long Short Term Memory Transformers (LSTM) * Training challenges and advanced optimizers, Deep dive into computational kernels * Precision accuracy tradeoff details, Hardware implications Lectures 8 and 9: AI Workload Characterization (Part 1 and Part 2) * Introduction to workload characterization, Compute requirements for training and inference * Memory requirements, Roofline models for performance analysis * Bottlenecks in traditional hardware (CPU vs. GPU), Profiling tools and techniques Lecture 10: Traditional and General-Purpose Al Architectures (Part 1) * Concepts of SISD (Single Instruction Single Data) and SIMD (Single Instruction Multiple Data) * Role of CPU architectures in Al * Role of GPU architectures in AI: Fundamentals, optimizations (SIMD versus SISD), tensor cores) * Case studies: NVIDIA Volta/Ampere V1, Intel Xeon Lecture 11: Traditional and General-Purpose Al Architectures (Part 2) * Advanced GPU Architectures, Deep dive into optimizations: (kernel fusion, batching) * Case studies: NVIDIA Ampere V2, AMD Instinct * Performance comparisons and trade-offs Lectures 12 and 13: AI Accelerators (Parts 1 and 2) * Introduction to Specialized Accelerators, Design Principles Overview, Dataflow Models: Weight Stationary, Output Stationary Systolic Arrays, * Case Studies: Google Tensor Processing Units (TPUs), MIT Eyeriss, DianNao Family * Performance comparisons and trade-offs, Energy-Delay Trade-offs * Mapping Algorithms to Hardware Lectures 14 and 15: Optimized Al Accelerators (Part 1 and Part 2) * Introduction to the Al accelerator optimization * Case Studies: Google TPU (tensor processing unit) V2/V3, Eyeriss V2, ShiDianNao * Scalability and Flexibility, Energy Optimization Techniques, Mapping Algorithms Lectures 16 and 17: Memory Systems and Data Reuse Content (Part 1 and Part 2) * Memory hierarchies in Al hardware. * Exploration of on-chip memory and buffers, off-chip memory (Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM), High Bandwidth Memory (HBM)). * Learn techniques for data reuse and locality optimization. Analyze in-memory and near-memory computing. * Study case studies: Hybrid Memory Cube (HMC), High Bandwidth Memory (HBM). Lectures 18 and 19: Neuromorphic Computing (Part 1 and Part 2) * Neuromorphic computing principles and architectures * Case Studies: IBM TrueNorth, Intel Loihi, Akida Brainchip, Sysense Speck * Applications and Conclusions Lectures 20, 21 and 22: Technologies for AI (Part 1, Part 2 and Part 3) * Resistive memory (Resistive Random Access Memory (RRAM), Phase Change Memory (PCM)) for in-memory acceleration * Analog computing, mixed signal computing * Challenges and Future Lecture 23: Software/Hardware Co-design Lecture 24: Future directions and relevant topics * Explore programmable Al architectures for flexibility. * Understand Shannon-inspired limits in Al hardware. Analyze beyond-CMOS fabrics for next-gen computing. * Discuss ethical considerations: energy, accessibility, Review recent advancements via guest lectures or papers.