Journal Papers

1. Ekta Sharma, Meraj Ahmad, Anwar Ulla Khan, Laxmeesha Somappa, Maryam Shojaei Baghini, Hadi Heidari, and Shahid Malik, "Current-Excitation Based ?R-to-Frequency Converter for Resistive Sensors", IEEE Sensors Journal, 2024. [DOI]
2. Abhishek A Kadam, Shubham Patil, Ajay K Singh, Maryam Shojaei Baghini, Udayan Ganguly, and Laxmeesha Somappa, "A 42.3 ?m2 Band to Band Tunneling-Based Oscillator Enabled Temperature to Digital Converter With Resolution FoM of 0.16 pJK2 for Embedded Temperature Sensing", IEEE Solid-State Circuits Letters, 2024. [DOI]
3. Mohamad Idris Wani, Sadan Saquib Khan, Benish Jan, Meraj Ahmad, Maryam Shojaei Baghini, Laxmeesha Somappa, and Shahid Malik, "Design analysis and experimental validation of relaxation oscillator-based circuit for R–C sensors", Measurement Science and Technology, Sep. 2023. [DOI]
4. Raghav Singhal, Vivek Saraswat, Shreyas Deshmukh, Sreenivas Subramoney, Laxmeesha Somappa, Maryam Shojaei Baghini, and Udayan Ganguly, "Enhanced regularization for on-chip training using analog and temporary memory weights", Neural Networks, vol. 165, pp. 1050-1057, 2023. [DOI]
5. A. A. Kadam, A. K. Singh, L. Somappa, M. S. Baghini, and U. Ganguly, "A Compact and Ultra-low Power Low Pass Filter based on Band-to-Band Tunneling Effect", IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs, 2023. [DOI]
6. Laxmeesha Somappa and Maryam Shojaei Baghini, "Continuous-Time Hybrid ΔΣ Modulators for Sub-µW Power Multichannel Biomedical Applications", Broadcasted on TVLSI LinkedIn page (https://www.linkedin.com/feed/update/urn:li:activity:6924651713761062914/), IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems, vol. 30, pp. 406-417, Apr. 2022. [DOI]
7. Shahid Malik, Laxmeesha Somappa, Meraj Ahmad, Tarikul Islam, and Maryam Shojaei Baghini, "An accurate digital converter for lossy capacitive sensors", Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, vol. 331, pp. 112958, Nov. 2021. [DOI]
8. Gaurav Saini, Laxmeesha Somappa, and Maryam Shojaei Baghini, "A 500-nW-to-1-mW Input Power Inductive Boost Converter With MPPT for RF Energy Harvesting System", IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, vol. 9, pp. 5261-5271, Oct. 2021. [DOI]
9. Laxmeesha Somappa and Maryam Shojaei Baghini, "A 400 mV 160 nW/Ch Compact Energy Efficient ΔΣ Modulator for Multichannel Biopotential Signal Acquisition System", Appeared on the Imec 2020 Activity report (https://europractice-ic.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/EP-Activity-Report-2020.pdf) , IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems, vol. 15, pp. 765-776, Aug. 2021. [DOI]
10. Laxmeesha Somappa, Shahid Malik, Shuchin Aeron, Sameer Sonkusale, and Maryam Shojaei Baghini, "High Resolution Frequency Measurement Techniques for Relaxation Oscillator Based Capacitive Sensors", IEEE Sensors Journal, vol. 21, pp. 13394-13404, Jun. 2021. [DOI]
11. Laxmeesha Somappa, Shahid Malik, Meraj Ahmad, Khan Mohammad Ehsan, Aatha Mohin Shaikh, Deepak Berwal, Sameer Sonkusale, and Maryam Shojaei Baghini, "Design and Development of a Robotic Hand with Embedded Sensors Using 3D Printing Technology", Transactions of the Indian National Academy of Engineering, Jan. 2021. [DOI]
12. Shahid Malik, Kaushal Kishore, Laxmeesha Somappa, Sandip Lashkare, Tarikul Islam, S. A. Akbar, and Maryam Shojaei Baghini, "A Dual-Slope-Based Capacitance-to-Time Signal Conditioning Circuit for Leaky Capacitive Sensors", IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, vol. 70, pp. 1-8, 2021. [DOI]
13. Laxmeesha Somappa, Shuchin Aeron, Adarsh G. Menon, Sameer Sonkusale, Ashwin A. Seshia, and Maryam Shojaei Baghini, "On Quantized Analog Compressive Sensing Methods for Efficient Resonator Frequency Estimation", IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, vol. 67, pp. 4556-4565, Dec. 2020. [DOI]
14. Shahid Malik, Meraj Ahmad, Laxmeesha Somappa, Tarikul Islam, and Maryam Shojaei Baghini, "AN-Z2V: Autonulling-Based Multimode Signal Conditioning Circuit for R-C Sensors", IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, vol. 69, pp. 8763-8772, Nov. 2020. [DOI]
15. Laxmeesha Somappa, Adarsh G. Menon, Ajay K. Singh, Ashwin A. Seshia, and Maryam Shojaei Baghini, "A Portable System With 0.1-ppm RMSE Resolution for 1–10 MHz Resonant MEMS Frequency Measurement", IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, vol. 69, pp. 7146-7157, Sep. 2020. [DOI]
16. Laxmeesha Somappa and Maryam Shojaei Baghini, "A 300-mV Auto Shutdown Comparator-Based Continuous Time Δ∑ Modulator", IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems, vol. 28, pp. 1920-1924, Aug. 2020. [DOI]
17. Shahid Malik, Laxmeesha Somappa, Meraj Ahmad, and Maryam Shojaei Baghini, "AN-C2V: An Auto-Nulling Bridge-Based Signal Conditioning Circuit for Leaky Capacitive Sensors", IEEE Sensors Journal, vol. 20, pp. 6432-6440, Jun. 2020. [DOI]
18. S. Malik, M. Ahmad, Laxmeesha Somappa, T. Islam, and M. Shojaei Baghini, "Impedance-to-Time Converter Circuit for Leaky Capacitive Sensors With Small Offset Capacitance", One of the popular articles of the journal in 2019, IEEE Sensors Letters, vol. 3, pp. 1-4, Jul. 2019. [DOI]
19. Laxmeesha Somappa and M. Shojaei Baghini, "A Compact Fully Passive Loop Filter-Based Continuous Time ΔΣ Modulator for Multi-Channel Biomedical Applications", IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, pp. 1-10, 2019. [DOI]

1. Surya Varchasvi Devaraj, Khalid Shaikha, Reddygari Bhupal Dheeraj, Laxmeesha Somappa, and Maryam Shojaei Baghini, "SoilgSenS 30.2: An Affordable ASIC-based Portable Soil Moisture Sensor Module" in 2024 IEEE Applied Sensing Conference (APSCON), Dec. 2024. [DOI]
2. Shreyas Deshmukh, Shubham Patil, Anmol Biswas, Vivek Saraswat, Abhishek Kadam, Ajay K Singh, Laxmeesha Somappa, Maryam Shojaei Baghini, and Udayan Ganguly, "Resistive Processing Unit-based On-chip ANN Training with Digital Memory" in 2024 IEEE 6th International Conference on AI Circuits and Systems (AICAS), Dec. 2024. [DOI]
3. Shantanu Singh Baliyan, Anshul Thakur, and Laxmeesha Somappa, "On-chip Data Compression Techniques for High-Density Implantable Neural Recording" in 2024 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), Dec. 2024. [DOI]
4. Hitesh Kumar Sahu, Emon Sarkar, Pushkar Sathe, and Laxmeesha Somappa, "All-Digital High-Resolution Frequency Measurement SoC for Rapid MEMS Readouts" in 2024 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), Dec. 2024. [DOI]
5. R Gaurav, Abhishek A Kadam, Ajay K Singh, Laxmeesha Somappa, Maryam Shojaei Baghini, and Udayan Ganguly, "A Compact 140nW/input Winner-Take-All Circuit for Spiking Neural Networks" in 2024 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), Dec. 2024. [DOI]
6. L. Somappa, S. Malik, and M. S. Baghini, "Software Reconfigurable Frequency Readouts with Coarse Voltage Quantizers for Sensor Applications" in 2023 IEEE Applied Sensing Conference (APSCON), IEEE, Dec. 2023. [DOI]
7. Mushtaq, M, Wani, M. I., Saquib, S., Ahmad, M., Somappa, L., Baghini, M. S., Heidari, H., and Malik, S, "Mismatch and Offset-Voltage Compensation Technique for Current Excitation Based Resistive Sensors Interface" in 21st IEEE Interregional NEWCAS Conference (IEEE NEWCAS 2023), IEEE, Dec. 2023.
8. Sagar Mahajan, Poulami Mandal, and Laxmeesha Somappa, "Low Precision Floating Point Spectral Feature Extraction Engine for Closed-Loop Neuromodulation" in 2023 IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems (APCCAS), Dec. 2023. [DOI]
9. Hitesh Kumar Sahu, Emon Sarkar, and Laxmeesha Somappa, "Implementation of FFT Using Low-Precision Floating Point for Rapid High Precision MEMS Readouts" in 2023 IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems (APCCAS), Dec. 2023. [DOI]
10. Pushkar Sathe, Ajay Verma, and Laxmeesha Somappa, "Efficient CORDIC Architectures for FFT Based All Digital Resonator Frequency Estimation" in 2023 IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems (APCCAS), Dec. 2023. [DOI]
11. S. Kumar, S. S. Khan, R. Patil, M. Ahmad, L. Somappa, and S. Malik, "Development and Validation of Offset Current Compensation Technique for Optical Sensors" in 2023 IEEE Applied Sensing Conference (APSCON), IEEE, Dec. 2023. [DOI]
12. S. V. Devaraj,, K. Shaikh,, V. Gaur, L. Somappa, and M. S. Baghini, "Design and Characterization Methodology of Capacitive Sensors for Soil Moisture Sensing Applications" in 2023 IEEE Applied Sensing Conference (APSCON), IEEE, Dec. 2023. [DOI]
13. Atharva Raut, Abhishek A Kadam, Ajay K Singh, Laxmeesha Somappa, Maryam Shojaei Baghini, and Udayan Ganguly, "A sub-100 nW Power, Compact CTDSM with a Band-To-Band Tunnelling Loop Filter" in 2024 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), Dec. 2023. [DOI]
14. Lakshmi Iyer and Laxmeesha Somappa, "A 16-Channel GRU based On-Chip Seizure Classifier for Closed Loop Neuromodulation" in 2024 IEEE 6th International Conference on AI Circuits and Systems (AICAS), Dec. 2023. [DOI]
15. R. Patil, M. I. Wani, T. Islam, M. S. Baghini, L. Somappa, and S. Malik, ""Comparative Study and Experimental Validation of Phase-Sensitive-Detection Techniques for Sensor Lock-in Amplifiers" in 2023 IEEE Applied Sensing Conference (APSCON), IEEE, Dec. 2023. [DOI]
16. Abhishek A Kadam, Anmol Biswas, Vivek Saraswat, Ajay K Singh, Laxmeesha Somappa, Maryam Shojaei Baghini, and Udayan Ganguly, "Real-world performance estimation of liquid state machines for spoken digit classification" in 2023 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), Dec. 2022. [DOI]
17. Emon Sarkar, Hitesh Sahu, Khalid Shaikh, and Laxmeesha Somappa, "On the Implementation of Data Security for Neurostimulation Devices" in 2023 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), IEEE, Dec. 2022. [DOI]
18. Anal Prakash Sharma and Laxmeesha Somappa, "Hardware Implementation of a 16 Channel 0.16 ?J/class Neural Tree for on-chip Seizure Detection" in 2024 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), Dec. 2022. [DOI]
19. K Akhilesh Rao and Laxmeesha Somappa, "An 8-Channel TDM Spectral Feature Extraction for Neuromodulation SoC" in 2023 IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems (APCCAS), Dec. 2022. [DOI]
20. Shreyas Deshmukh, Vivek Saraswat, Venkatesh Gopinath, Rajesh Nair, Laxmeesha Somappa, Maryam S Baghini, and Udayan Ganguly, "ANN Inference enabled by Variability Mitigation using 2T-1R Bit Cell-based Design Space Analysis" in 2023 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), Dec. 2022. [DOI]
21. Laxmeesha Somappa, Shahid Malik, Shuchin Aeron, Sameer Sonkusale, and Maryam Shojaei Baghini, "A Compressed Sensing-based Resolution Reconfigurable Multi-Channel Sensor Node" in 2023 IEEE Sensors, Dec. 2022. [DOI]
22. Vidushi Gaur, Surya Varchasvi Devaraj, Laxmeesha Somappa, and Maryam Shojaei Baghini, "An all-MOSFET 69 ppm/°C Wide Range Programmable Current Reference with PV Insensitive Temperature Compensation" in 2022 29th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems (ICECS), IEEE, Oct. 2022. [DOI]
23. Shahid Malik and Laxmeesha Somappa, "Analysis and design considerations of relaxation-oscillator-based flexible sensor circuits" in Systems for Printed Flexible Sensors, IOP Publishing, Sep. 2022. [DOI]
24. Laxmeesha Somappa and Shuchin Aeron, "Sampling and recovery of signals with spectral sparsity" in Flexible bioelectronics with power autonomous sensing and data analytics, Springer Nature Switzerland AG, May 2022.
25. Laxmeesha Somappa, Shahid Malik, and Maryam Shojaei Baghini, "Data Converters for Wearable Sensor Applications" in Flexible bioelectronics with power autonomous sensing and data analytics, Springer Nature Switzerland AG, May 2022.
26. Laxmeesha Somappa and Shuchin Aeron, "Compressed Sensing" in Flexible bioelectronics with power autonomous sensing and data analytics, Springer Nature Switzerland AG, May 2022.
27. U. Shin, C. Ding, L. Somappa, V. Woods, A. S. Widge and M. Shoaran, "A 16-Channel 60µW Neural Synchrony Processor for Multi-Mode Phase-Locked Neurostimulation" in IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference (CICC), Apr. 2022. [DOI]
28. Uisub Shin, Laxmeesha Somappa, Cong Ding, Yashwanth Vyza, Bingzhao Zhu, Alix Trouillet, Stephanie P. Lacour, and Mahsa Shoaran, "A 256-Channel 0.227µJ/class Versatile Brain Activity Classification and Closed-Loop Neuromodulation SoC with 0.004mm²-1.51 µW/channel Fast-Settling Highly Multiplexed Mixed-Signal Front-End" in 2022 IEEE International Solid- State Circuits Conference (ISSCC), IEEE, Feb. 2022. [DOI]
29. Laxmeesha Somappa and Maryam Shojaei Baghini, "A Sub-?W Power 10 bit ?? ADC for Biomedical Applications" in 2020 IEEE 63rd International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS), Dec. 2020. [DOI]
30. Shahid Malik, Laxmeesha Somappa, Meraj Ahmad, and Maryam Shojaei Baghini, "An Accurate Auto-Tunable Quadrature-Phase Generator Circuit for Robust Sensing Applications" in 2020 IEEE 17th India Council International Conference (INDICON), IEEE, Dec. 2020. [DOI]
31. Laxmeesha Somappa and Maryam Shojaei Baghini, "A 345 nW Power Continuous Time Delta Sigma Modulator for Biomedical Applications" in 2020 IEEE 17th India Council International Conference (INDICON), IEEE, Dec. 2020. [DOI]
32. Malar Chellasivalingam, Laxmeesha Somappa, Adam M. Boies, Maryam Shojaei Baghini, and Ashwin A. Seshia, "MEMS Based Gravimetric Sensor for the Detection of Ultra-Fine Aerosol Particles" in 2020 IEEE SENSORS, IEEE, Oct. 2020. [DOI]
33. Ajay K. Singh, S. Laxmeesha, Malar Chellasivalingam, Ashwin A. Seshia, and Maryam Shojaei Baghini, "Frequency Estimation for Resonant MEMS Sensors" in 2020 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), IEEE, Oct. 2020. [DOI]
34. Shahid Malik, Laxmeesha Somappa, Meraj Ahmad, Sameer Sonkusale, and Maryam Shojaei Baghini, "A Fringing Field Based Screen-Printed Flexible Capacitive Moisture and Water Level Sensor" in 2020 IEEE International Conference on Flexible and Printable Sensors and Systems (FLEPS), IEEE, Aug. 2020. [DOI]
35. Meraj Ahmad, Shahid Malik, Laxmeesha Somappa, Sameer Sonkusale, and Maryam Shojaei Baghini, "A Flexible Dry ECG Patch for Heart Rate Variability Monitoring" in 2020 IEEE International Conference on Flexible and Printable Sensors and Systems (FLEPS), IEEE, Aug. 2020. [DOI]
36. Laxmeesha Somappa, Shahid Malik, Meraj Ahmad, Khan Mohammad Ehshan, Aatha Mohin Shaikh, Khan Mohammad Anas, Sameer Sonkusale, and Maryam Shojaei Baghini, "A 3D Printed Robotic Finger with Embedded Tactile Pressure and Strain Sensor" in 2020 IEEE International Conference on Flexible and Printable Sensors and Systems (FLEPS), IEEE, Aug. 2020. [DOI]