Shrink-down approaches: Introduction, CMOS Scaling, The nanoscale MOSFET, Finfets, Vertical MOSFETs, limits to scaling, system integration limits (interconnect issues etc.), Resonant Tunneling Transistors, Single-electron transistors, new storage, optoelectronic, and spintronics devices; Atoms-up approaches Molecular electronics involving single molecules as electronic devices, transport in molecular structures, molecular systems as alternatives to conventional electronics, molecular interconnects; Carbon nanotube electronics, bandstructure & transport, devices, applications.