• Review of Maxwell’s equations and wave propagation in dielectric media and interfaces. Planar and channel optical waveguides. Single-mode and multimode waveguide design principles. Effective index method. Rib/ridge waveguides. Waveguide dispersion and confinement. Waveguide bends and radiation loss.
• Modal coupling in integrated waveguides. Coupled Mode Theory (co- and contra-directional coupling). Directional coupling in waveguides. Diffraction Grating in waveguides. Distributed Bragg Reflectors (DBR). Sub-wavelength engineered gratings. Resonant and periodic structures.
• Power splitting and coupling — Directional couplers (DC), Multi-Mode Interference (MMI) couplers. Mach-Zehnder Interferometers (MZI). Microring Resonators (MRR) and quality factor. Arrayed Waveguide Gratings (AWG). Optical filters and delay lines.
• Thermo-optic and electro-optic effects. Integrated phase shifters. High-speed optical modulators (carrier plasma effect, Pockels effect). Electro-optic Mach-Zehnder modulators. Integrated light sources: heterogeneous integration of III-V materials. Integrated photodetectors: PIN and APD structures. Performance parameters.
• Fiber-to-waveguide coupling. Vertical grating couplers. Edge coupling. Adiabatic mode-size converters. Alignment tolerances and packaging considerations. Electrical interfaces and RF considerations.
• Material platforms and fabrication technologies. Reconfigurable and programmable architectures. Optical nonlinearity in integrated photonics. Applications of Photonic Integrated Circuits.

Text/References:

1. Silicon Photonics Design: From Devices to Systems, Lukas Chrostowski and Michael Hochberg, Cambridge University Press.
2. Integrated Quantum Photonics, Krishna Thyagarajan, Springer, 2025.
3. Integrated Photonics: Fundamentals, Ginés Lifante, John Wiley & Sons, 2003.
4. Integrated Photonics, Clifford R. Pollock and Michal Lipson, Springer, 2003.
5. Optical Integrated Circuits, H. Nishihara, M. Haruna, and T. Suhara, McGraw-Hill, 1988.
6. Integrated Optical Circuits and Components, Edmond J. Murphy, CRC Press, 1999.